Online microbiology and biology related notes by SAGAR ARYAL
Beer-Lambert Law The Beer–Lambert law, also known as Beer’s law, the Lambert–Beer law, or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling. The Law When a monochromatic light of initial intensity Io passes through a solution in a transparent vessel, some of the light is absorbed so that the intensity of the … Read moreBeer-Lambert Law
Centrifugation- Principle, Types and Applications Centrifugation is a technique of separating substances which involves the application of centrifugal force. The particles are separated from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. Principle of Centrifugation In a solution, particles whose density is higher than that of the solvent sink (sediment), … Read moreCentrifugation- Principle, Types and Applications
Cell Disruption Methods Cell disruption is the process of obtaining intracellular fluid via methods that open the cell wall. The overall goal in cell disruption is to obtain the intracellular fluid without disrupting any of its components. The method used may vary depending on the type of cell and its cell wall composition. Irrespective of … Read moreCell Disruption Methods
Electron Microscope- Principle, Types, Components, Applications, Advantages, Limitations An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. It is a special type of microscope having a high resolution of images, able to magnify objects in nanometres, which are formed by controlled use of electrons in vacuum captured on a phosphorescent … Read moreElectron Microscope- Principle, Types, Components, Applications, Advantages, Limitations
Simple Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications The optical microscope, often referred to as the light microscope, is a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small subjects. There are two basic types of optical microscopes: Simple microscopes Compound microscopes. Simple Microscope A simple microscope is one which uses a single lens for magnification, such … Read moreSimple Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method of gel electrophoresis used in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and clinical chemistry to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA , RNA or proteins in a matrix of agarose. Agarose is a natural linear polymer extracted from seaweed that forms a gel matrix by hydrogen-bonding when heated in a buffer and allowed to … Read moreAgarose Gel Electrophoresis
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) High performance liquid chromatography or commonly known as HPLC is an analytical technique used to separate, identify or quantify each component in a mixture. The mixture is separated using the basic principle of column chromatography and then identified and quantified by spectroscopy. In the 1960s the column chromatography LC with … Read moreHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Chromatography- Principle, Types and Applications Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The Russian botanist Mikhail Tswett coined the term chromatography in 1906. The first analytical use of chromatography was described by James and Martin in 1952, for … Read moreChromatography- Principle, Types and Applications
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is a technique used for the separation of large deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules by applying to a gel matrix an electric field that periodically changes direction. As DNA larger than 15-20kb migrating through a gel essentially moves together in a size-independent manner, the standard gel … Read morePulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)