Diseases Notes | Online Microbiology Notes

Hand washing steps and guidelines by WHO and CDC with video

March 7, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

Introduction basic hygiene practices: Handwashing Basic hygiene is a mechanism of practicing and maintaining cleanliness. Poor hygienic methods have an extreme impact on causing infections ranging from skin infections to respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infection. Most respiratory and gastrointestinal infections have been associated more often than usual that they are transmitted through a lack … Read more Hand washing steps and guidelines by WHO and CDC with video

Mode of Transmission of Diseases

January 14, 2020November 10, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Mode of Transmission of Diseases The traditional epidemiologic triad model holds that infectious diseases result from the interaction of agent, host, and environment. More specifically, transmission occurs when the agent leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. An infectious … Read more Mode of Transmission of Diseases

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

January 11, 2020November 3, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) The Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), is also alternatively referred to as verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). All members of this group are defined by the presence of Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) or 2 (Stx2). Some but not all EHEC strains are LEE positive and form … Read more Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

January 2, 2020November 1, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is defined as containing the E. coli strains that elaborate at least one member of two defined groups of enterotoxins: heat-stable toxin (ST) and heat-stable toxin (LT). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, or ETEC, is thus the name given to a group of E. coli that produces special toxins that stimulate the lining … Read more Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Endemic Diseases

January 10, 2020August 8, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Endemic Diseases Communicable diseases are termed endemic when they have a relatively stable pattern of occurrence in a given geographical area or population group at the relatively high prevalence and incidence. It refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group, without importation from outside. … Read more Endemic Diseases

Disease Prevention

January 14, 2020July 27, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Disease Prevention Disease prevention is a procedure through which individuals, those with risk factors for a disease or without the risk factors, are treated in order to prevent a disease from occurring. Treatment normally begins either before signs and symptoms of the disease occur, or shortly thereafter. Prevention includes a wide range of activities — … Read more Disease Prevention

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

January 11, 2020May 14, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) strains are rare in both developed and developing countries. EIEC infections are characterized by a period of watery diarrhea that precedes the onset of scanty dysenteric stools containing blood and mucus. Pathogenic strains are primarily associated with a few restricted O serotypes: O124, O143, and O164. EIEC … Read more Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System

January 10, 2020March 3, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System The primary purpose of the gastrointestinal tract is to break food down into nutrients, which can be absorbed into the body to provide energy. Food must be ingested into the mouth to be mechanically processed and moistened. Secondly, digestion occurs mainly in the stomach and small intestine where … Read more Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)

January 12, 2020February 15, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) are a heterogeneous collection of strains characterized by their autoagglutination in a “stacked-brick” arrangement over the epithelium of the small intestine and, in some cases, the colon. EAEC strains are currently defined as E. coli strains that do not secrete enterotoxins LT or ST and that adhere to HEp-2 … Read more Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)

The Germ Theory of Disease

January 6, 2020February 4, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

The Germ Theory of Disease Before the Germ theory of disease, the causes suggested for the occurrence of disease were the effect of supernatural phenomena like planetary alignments, effect of bad bodily humors and the faulty environment. For example, in ancient Greece, it was thought that disease was spread not via direct contact with other … Read more The Germ Theory of Disease

WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2018

January 9, 2020January 26, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease at global, regional and country levels. This is done in … Read more WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2018

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)

January 9, 2020January 25, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) Two groups of E. coli are responsible for enteric disease: Enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] and some Shiga toxin–producing E. coli [STEC]. They both possess a cluster of virulence genes located on a chromosomal pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The EPEC are however, defined by: Presence of LEE and Absence … Read more Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)