Online microbiology notes by SAGAR ARYAL
Endemic Diseases Communicable diseases are termed endemic when they have a relatively stable pattern of occurrence in a given geographical area or population group at the relatively high prevalence and incidence. It refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group, without importation from outside. … Read moreEndemic Diseases
Disease Prevention Disease prevention is a procedure through which individuals, those with risk factors for a disease or without the risk factors, are treated in order to prevent a disease from occurring. Treatment normally begins either before signs and symptoms of the disease occur, or shortly thereafter. Prevention includes a wide range of activities — … Read moreDisease Prevention
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) strains are rare in both developed and developing countries. EIEC infections are characterized by a period of watery diarrhea that precedes the onset of scanty dysenteric stools containing blood and mucus. Pathogenic strains are primarily associated with a few restricted O serotypes: O124, O143, and O164. EIEC … Read moreEnteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System The primary purpose of the gastrointestinal tract is to break food down into nutrients, which can be absorbed into the body to provide energy. Food must be ingested into the mouth to be mechanically processed and moistened. Secondly, digestion occurs mainly in the stomach and small intestine where … Read moreDisorders and Diseases of the Digestive System
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) are a heterogeneous collection of strains characterized by their autoagglutination in a “stacked-brick” arrangement over the epithelium of the small intestine and, in some cases, the colon. EAEC strains are currently defined as E. coli strains that do not secrete enterotoxins LT or ST and that adhere to HEp-2 … Read moreEnteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
The Germ Theory of Disease Before the Germ theory of disease, the causes suggested for the occurrence of disease were the effect of supernatural phenomena like planetary alignments, effect of bad bodily humors and the faulty environment. For example, in ancient Greece, it was thought that disease was spread not via direct contact with other … Read moreThe Germ Theory of Disease
WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease at global, regional and country levels. This is done in … Read moreWHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2018
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) Two groups of E. coli are responsible for enteric disease: Enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] and some Shiga toxin–producing E. coli [STEC]. They both possess a cluster of virulence genes located on a chromosomal pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The EPEC are however, defined by: Presence of LEE and Absence … Read moreEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)