Molecular Biology / Genetics

Transposable elements- definition, types, examples, applications

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transposable elements

Transposable elements definition Transposable elements (TE) or transposons can be defined as small, mobile DNA sequences that move around chromosomes with no regard for homology, and insertion of these elements may produce deletions, inversions, chromosomal fusions, and even more complicated rearrangements. Transposons are mobile genetic elements that often carry an antimicrobial resistance gene. These elements … Read more Transposable elements- definition, types, examples, applications

Bacterial Transformation- definition, principle, steps, examples

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Bacterial Transformation

Bacterial Transformation Definition Bacterial transformation is the transfer of free DNA released from a donor bacterium into the extracellular environment that results in assimilation and usually an expression of the newly acquired trait in a recipient bacterium. This process doesn’t require a living donor cell and only requires free DNA in the environment. The recipient … Read more Bacterial Transformation- definition, principle, steps, examples

Bacterial Transduction- Definition, Principle, Steps, Examples

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Bacterial Transduction- Definition, Principle, Steps, Examples

Transduction Definition Transduction is the transfer of bacterial DNA from a donor to a recipient bacterium via a virus particle. The virus particle that infects bacteria is called a bacteriophage or phage, and the phages used for the transfer of DNA are called transfusing phages. Not all phages are transducing phages. The process of transduction … Read more Bacterial Transduction- Definition, Principle, Steps, Examples

Flow Cytometry-Definition, Principle, Parts, Steps, Types, Uses

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Flow Cytometry-Definition, Principle, Parts, Steps, Types, Uses

Flow Cytometry Definition Flow cytometry is a standard laser-based technology that is used in the detection and measurement of physical and chemical characteristics of cells or particles in a heterogeneous fluid mixture. The use of flow cytometry has increased over the years as it provides a rapid analysis of multiple characteristics (both qualitative and quantitative) … Read more Flow Cytometry-Definition, Principle, Parts, Steps, Types, Uses

Bacterial Conjugation- Definition, Principle, Process, Examples

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Steps or Process of Bacterial Conjugation

Bacterial Conjugation Definition Conjugation is the transfer of a plasmid or other self-transmissible DNA element and sometimes chromosomal DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell via direct contact usually mediated by a conjugation pilus or sex pilus. Recipients of the DNA transferred by conjugation are called transconjugants. The process of conjugation can transfer … Read more Bacterial Conjugation- Definition, Principle, Process, Examples

Types of PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) – definition and uses

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Types of PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)- definition and uses

List of Types of PCR Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) PCR Allele-specific PCR Alu PCR Assembly PCR Asymmetric PCR COLD PCR Colony PCR Conventional PCR Digital PCR (dPCR) Fast-cycling PCR High-fidelity PCR High-Resolution Melt (HRM) PCR Hot-start PCR In situ PCR Intersequence-specific (ISSR) PCR Inverse PCR LATE (linear after the exponential) PCR Ligation-mediated PCR Long-range … Read more Types of PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) – definition and uses

What is Sensitivity, Specificity, False positive, False negative?

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What is Sensitivity, Specificity, False positive, False negative

These are terms that are fundamental to understanding the utility of clinical tests. They are the most essential variables when designing diagnostic tests, in determining how reliable the tests are and also how reliable the results obtained from the results are. When using known samples of a disease, sensitivity and specificity variables can be calculated … Read more What is Sensitivity, Specificity, False positive, False negative?

Real Time PCR- Principle, Process, Markers, Advantages, Uses

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Real Time PCR- Principle, Process, Markers, Advantages, Uses

What is real time PCR? It is a technique used to monitor the progress of a PCR reaction in real-time. At the same time, a relatively small amount of PCR product (DNA, cDNA or RNA) can be quantified. It is based on the detection of the fluorescence produced by a reporter molecule which increases, as … Read more Real Time PCR- Principle, Process, Markers, Advantages, Uses

DNA Methylation

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DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. It is an epigenetic mechanism that occurs by the addition of a methyl (-CH3) group to DNA, thereby often modifying the function of the genes and affecting gene expression.  The most widely characterized DNA methylation process is the covalent addition of the methyl group at the 5-carbon of … Read more DNA Methylation

Epidemiological Markers

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Phenotypic and Genetic Markers

Epidemiological Markers Epidemiological markers are biological markers that are used to characterize microorganisms or discriminate between genomes based on the genetic variation among microbial isolates. Uses of Epidemiological Markers Epidemiological markers are mostly used for strain typing. It is used to: Classify isolates of microorganisms Catalogue genetic variation Define relatedness or lack of it between … Read more Epidemiological Markers