Molecular Biology Notes | Microbe Notes

RNA Splicing- definition, process, mechanism, types, errors, uses

October 8, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

RNA Splicing Definition RNA splicing is a form of RNA processing in which a newly made precursor messenger RNA (mRNA) is transformed into a mature RNA by removing the non-coding sequences termed introns. The process of RNA splicing involves the removal of non-coding sequences or introns and joining of the coding sequences or exons. RNA splicing takes place during or …

DNA Ladders (1 kb, 1 kb plus, 100 bp, 100 bp plus) and Uses

October 8, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

DNA Ladder Definition DNA ladder is a solution of DNA molecules of different lengths used in agarose or acrylamide gel electrophoresis which is used as a reference to estimate the size of unknown DNA molecules separated on the basis of their mobility in an electrical field through the gel. DNA ladders are essential molecules routinely used in every DNA dealing …

15 Differences Between Transcription and Translation

September 13, 2020September 11, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Transcription Definition Transcription is the process where the genetic information on a DNA strand is transferred into an RNA strand by a series of polymerization reactions catalyzed by enzymes called DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. This is the first step of gene expression where the information is passed on from one structure to another. During transcription, RNA molecules are initiated, elongated, and …

DNA Transcription (RNA Synthesis)- Article, Diagrams and Video

August 23, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

DNA Transcription Definition DNA transcription, also known as RNA synthesis is the process by which genetic information that is contained in DNA is re-written into messenger RNA (mRNA) by an RNA polymerase enzyme. The synthesized mRNA is transported out of the cell nucleus where it will later on aid in the synthesis of proteins by the mechanism of translation. Regulation of …

Translation (Protein Synthesis)- Definition, Enzymes and Steps

August 23, 2020August 21, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

Translation (Protein Synthesis) definition The translation is a process of synthesizing proteins in a chain of amino acids known as polypeptides. It is the second part of the central dogma in genetics. It takes place in the ribosomes found in the cytosol or those attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The functions of the ribosome are to read the sequence …

RNA polymerase- Definition, Types and Functions

August 30, 2020August 19, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

Figure: RNA polymerase. Image Source: Wikipedia. Image created with biorender.com. RNA polymerase definition Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Polymerase (RNAP) enzyme is a multi-subunit enzyme that applies its activity in the catalyzation of the transcription process of RNA synthesized from a DNA template. And therefore, RNA polymerase enzyme is responsible for the copying of DNA sequences into RNA sequences during transcription. The …

12 differences between Introns and Exons (Introns vs Exons)

August 19, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Introns Definition Introns are non-coding DNA sequences within a gene that are removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the RNA product. The term ‘intron’ represents the intragenic region which is present within a gene. The term ‘introns’ indicates both the DNA sequences within the gene and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. Introns are found in the genes of …

7 Types of RNA with Structure and Functions

August 14, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

What is RNA? Its full form is Ribonucleic acid. This is a polymer of subunits joined by phosphodiester bonds. It is a single-stranded nucleic acid similar to DNA but having ribose sugar rather than deoxyribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine as one of the nucleotide bases. Types of RNA RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from DNA that is functionally for …

DNA Polymerase- definition, structure, types (vs RNA polymerase)

August 3, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

DNA polymerase definition DNA polymerases are a group of enzymes that are used to make copies of DNA templates, essentially used in DNA replication mechanisms. These enzymes make new copies of DNA from existing templates and also function by repairing the synthesized DNA to prevent mutations. DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bond which makes up the backbone …

DNA Replication- definition, enzymes, steps, mechanism, diagram

August 2, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that is made up of three components: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA is the genetic material via which a cell is defined. It is a long molecule containing unique codes that give instructions for the synthesis of all body proteins. DNA structure The …