DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. It is an epigenetic mechanism that occurs by the addition of a methyl (-CH3) group to DNA, thereby often modifying the function of the genes and affecting gene expression. The most widely characterized DNA methylation process is the covalent addition of the methyl group at the 5-carbon of … Read more DNA Methylation
Epidemiological Markers Epidemiological markers are biological markers that are used to characterize microorganisms or discriminate between genomes based on the genetic variation among microbial isolates. Uses of Epidemiological Markers Epidemiological markers are mostly used for strain typing. It is used to: Classify isolates of microorganisms Catalogue genetic variation Define relatedness or lack of it between … Read more Epidemiological Markers
Nucleosome Model of Chromosome The chromosomes are the nuclear components of the special organization, individuality, and function that are capable of self-reproduction and play a vital role in heredity, mutation, variation and evolutionary development of the species. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins that support its structure. The proteins that bind … Read more Nucleosome Model of Chromosome
Different forms of DNA- A form, B form, Z form The right-handed double-helical Watson – Crick Model for B-form DNA is the most commonly known DNA structure. In addition to this classic structure, several other forms of DNA have been observed. The helical structure of DNA is thus variable and depends on the sequence as … Read more Different forms of DNA- A form, B form, Z form
Watson and Crick DNA Model DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid which is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. It is a type of nucleic acid and is one of the four major types of macromolecules that are known to be essential for all forms of life. DNA Model … Read more Watson and Crick DNA Model
Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs) Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are genetically engineered chromosomes derived from the DNA of the yeast. It is a human-engineered DNA molecule used to clone DNA sequences in yeast cells. They are the products of a recombinant DNA cloning methodology to isolate and propagate very large segments of DNA in a yeast host. … Read more Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs)
Genomics Genome refers to the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism while genomics is the study of genomes. Genomic studies are characterized by simultaneous analysis of a large number of genes using automated data gathering tools. Genomics is a discipline in genetics that applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing … Read more Genomics
Gene Prediction- Importance and Methods Gene prediction by computational methods for finding the location of protein coding regions is one of the essential issues in bioinformatics. Gene prediction basically means locating genes along a genome. Also called gene finding, it refers to the process of identifying the regions of genomic DNA that encode genes. This includes protein … Read more Gene Prediction- Importance and Methods
The Earth BioGenome Project (EBP) The Earth BioGenome Project (EBP) is a global initiative to sequence the genetic code of the entire planet’s eukaryotes; some 1.5 million known species including all known plants, animals, protozoa and fungi. It aims to sequence and catalog the genomes of all such eukaryotic species over a period of ten … Read more The Earth BioGenome Project (EBP)
The Human Genome Project The start of the human genome project in the late 1980s provided a major boost for the development of bioinformatics. The Human Genome Project (HGP) was the international, collaborative research program whose goal was the complete mapping and understanding of all the genes of human beings. The Project was coordinated by … Read more The Human Genome Project
Regulation of Translation In Eukaryotes Translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of protein synthesized from its mRNA. In eukaryotes, regulation of protein synthesis can occur by modification of DNA or at the level of transcription within the nucleus, processing of mRNA in the nucleus, or translation in the cytoplasm. A. Regulation through Changes in Genes Genes can be … Read more Regulation of Translation In Eukaryotes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mendelian inheritance patterns involve genes that directly influence the outcome of an organism’s traits and obey Mendel’s laws. Most genes in eukaryotic species follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. However, there are many that do not. Non-Mendelian inheritance is a general term that refers to any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not … Read more Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Regulation of protein synthesis in Prokaryotes Regulation of protein synthesis is necessary in all cells. Particularly, in the prokaryotic cells, regulation is achieved by means of genetic units called operons alongside a number of related mechanisms as described below: Regulation of Protein Synthesis on the Basis of Nutrient Supply Prokaryotes respond to changes in their … Read more Regulation of protein synthesis in Prokaryotes
