Protocols

Microbiology Protocols. Molecular Biology and Genetics Protocols. Biology and Life Sciences Protocols for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.

Water Quality Analysis by Membrane Filter (MF) Technique

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Membrane Filter (MF) Technique

Water Quality Analysis by Membrane Filter (MF) Technique The Membrane Filter (MF) Technique was introduced in the late 1950s as an alternative to the Most Probable Number (MPN) procedure for microbiological analysis of water samples. It involves the use of membrane filters, which are thin porous sheet structures composed of cellulose esters or similar polymeric … Read more Water Quality Analysis by Membrane Filter (MF) Technique

Oxygen Release in Photosynthesis Protocol

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Oxygen Release in Photosynthesis Protocol

Oxygen Release in Photosynthesis Protocol Photosynthesis is the biological process that converts sunlight into chemical energy. It is employed by plants, algae and certain bacteria. It provides the basis for life on Earth and is the ultimate source of all fossil fuels and of the oxygen we breathe. There are a few key methods to … Read more Oxygen Release in Photosynthesis Protocol

Brain Lipid Extraction Protocol

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Brain Lipid Extraction Protocol

Brain Lipid Extraction Protocol “Brain lipid extracts” refers to a lipid mixture extracted from the brain tissue of animals. It has been found that such brain lipid extracts contain a mixture of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that have four or more double bonds and closely resemble the mixture of PUFAs found in human … Read more Brain Lipid Extraction Protocol

Isolation of Mitochondria from Plants, Yeast Cells, Mice, Cell Culture

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Isolation of Mitochondria from Cell Culture

Isolation of Mitochondria from Plants, Yeast Cells, Mice, Cell Culture Mitochondria are central organelles controlling the life and death of the cell. They participate in key metabolic reactions, synthesize most of the ATP and regulate a number of signaling cascades, including apoptosis. Investigating functional mitochondria that have been isolated from different tissues and from cultured … Read more Isolation of Mitochondria from Plants, Yeast Cells, Mice, Cell Culture

Eukaryotic DNA Isolation Protocol

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Eukaryotic DNA Isolation Protocol

Eukaryotic DNA Isolation Protocol Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction is the process by which DNA is separated from proteins, membranes, and other cellular material contained in the cell from which it is recovered. In eukaryotic cells, such as human and plant cells, DNA is organized as chromosomes in an organelle called the nucleus.  These cells also … Read more Eukaryotic DNA Isolation Protocol

Isolation of Actinomycetes from Soil sample

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Procedure of Isolation of Actinomycetes

Isolation of Actinomycetes from Soil sample Actinomycetes are classified as a group of gram-positive bacteria that are unique for their spore forming abilities and formation of mycelia structures. They show marked chemical and morphological diversity but form a distinct evolutionary line of organisms that range from coccoid and pleomorphic forms to branched filaments. These bacteria … Read more Isolation of Actinomycetes from Soil sample

Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) from Soil sample

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Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) from Soil sample

Protocol: Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) from Soil sample Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an ubiquitous, Gram-positive and sporulating bacterium that synthesizes insecticidal proteins with specificity against a wide range of insects during sporulation (Cry and Cyt) and vegetative growth (Vip and Sip). These proteins have portrayed Bt as an environment-friendly alternative to chemical insecticides. Principle of Isolation … Read more Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) from Soil sample

Bacterial Growth Curve Protocol

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Bacterial Growth Curve

Bacterial Growth Curve Protocol When fresh liquid medium is inoculated with a given number of bacteria and incubated for sufficient period of time, it gives a characteristic growth pattern of bacteria. If the bacterial population is measured periodically and log of number of viable bacteria is plotted in a graph against time, it gives a … Read more Bacterial Growth Curve Protocol

RNA Isolation Protocol

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RNA Isolation Protocol

RNA Isolation Protocol Total RNA isolation from Bacterial Cells Principle of RNA Isolation Total RNA is isolated and separated from DNA and protein after extraction with a solution called as Trizol. Trizol is an acidic solution containing guanidinium thiocyanate (GITC), phenol and chloroform. GITC irreversibly denatures proteins and RNases. This is followed by centrifugation. Under … Read more RNA Isolation Protocol

Protocol of chloroplast isolation

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Protocol of chloroplast isolation

Protocol of chloroplast isolation The chloroplast is an important organelle found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis. It is enclosed by a pair of closely spaced membranes, the double-membrane envelope, consisting of the inner membrane bounding the matrix or stroma and the outer membrane in contact with the cytoplasm. Chloroplasts are the best starting material … Read more Protocol of chloroplast isolation