Online Microbiology and Biology Notes
Basic Microbiology Notes. Notes on Basic Microbiology. Online Basic Microbiology related notes. Basic Microbiology Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.
Bacteria Definition Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms that are characterized by the presence of incipient nucleus and few membrane-less cell organelles. Bacteria are diverse in shape, size, and color, and their habitats also vary ranging from soil, water, to the insides of living organisms. Bacteria exist in various shapes like cocci, bacillus, or spirilla where … Read more 21 Differences between Bacteria and Fungi
Image Source: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Created using biorender.com. Archaea Definition Archaea is a group of primitive prokaryotes that based on their distinct characteristics form a separate domain from bacteria and eukaryotes. The term ‘Archaea’ is derived from a Greek word, ‘archaios’ which means primitive or ancient, indicating the primitive structure of these organisms. These organisms … Read more 15 differences between Archaea and Bacteria
Centrifuge definition A centrifuge is a device used to separate components of a mixture on the basis of their size, density, the viscosity of the medium, and the rotor speed. The centrifuge is commonly used in laboratories for the separation of biological molecules from a crude extract. In a centrifuge, the sample is kept in … Read more Types of Centrifuge & Centrifugation (definition, principle, uses)
Definition of prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells are single-celled entities that are primitive in structure and function as they lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. The term “prokaryote” is derived from two Greek words, ‘pro’ meaning ‘before’ and ‘karyon’ meaning ‘nucleus’. Prokaryotes are considered to be the first living organisms of the earth as they … Read more Prokaryotic cells- characteristics, structure, division, examples
Autoclave Definition An autoclave is a machine that provides a physical method of sterilization by killing bacteria, viruses, and even spores present in the material put inside of the vessel using steam under pressure. Autoclave sterilizes the materials by heating them up to a particular temperature for a specific period of time. The autoclave is … Read more Autoclave- definition, parts, principle, procedure, types, uses
Incubator Definition Incubator, in microbiology, is an insulated and enclosed device that provides an optimal condition of temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions required for the growth of organisms. An incubator is a piece of vital laboratory equipment necessary for the cultivation of microorganisms under artificial conditions. An incubator can be used for the cultivation … Read more Incubator- Definition, Parts, Working, Types, Uses, Precautions
Serial dilution Definition Serial dilution, as the name suggests, is a series of sequential dilutions that are performed to convert a dense solution into a more usable concentration. In simple words, serial dilution is the process of stepwise dilution of a solution with an associated dilution factor. In biology, serial dilution is often associated with … Read more Serial dilution- definition, formula, calculator, procedure, uses
What is Chemical Sterilization? Chemical Sterilization is the process of removal of microorganisms by the use of chemical bactericidal agents. Even if physical methods of sterilization are more appropriate for effective sterilization, it is not always appropriate to use for heat-sensitive materials like plastics, fiber optics, and biological specimens. Under such conditions, chemical either in … Read more Chemical methods of sterilization- Gaseous and Liquid
What is Sterilization? Sterilization is the complete removal of microorganisms from an object or surfaces. Sterilization is obtained when microorganisms are subjected to antimicrobial agents for sufficient time and at optimum conditions. Figure: Physical methods of sterilization. Image created using biorender.com Some physical methods associated with sterilization are explained below: Heat Sterilization Heat sterilization is … Read more Physical methods of sterilization- Heat, Filtration, Radiation
Bacteria are a type of biological cell that is prokaryotic and unicellular. Due to the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, these are simpler than other types of living organisms. Although only some of them can be seen by naked eyes while the rest are microscopic, they display a wide range of shape, size, and structure. … Read more Bacterial Sizes, Shapes and Arrangement with Examples