Basic Microbiology

Parts of a microscope with functions and labeled diagram

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Overview of microscope Having been constructed in the 16th Century, Microscopes have revolutionalized science with their ability to magnify small objects such as microbial cells, producing images with definitive structures that are identifiable and characterizable. So, what are microscopes? Microscopes are instruments that are used in science laboratories, to visualize very minute objects such as … Read more Parts of a microscope with functions and labeled diagram

Top 10 Microbiology Journals with Impact Factor (updated 2020)

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Top 10 Microbiology Journals with Impact Factor (Updated 2020)

Top 10 Microbiology Journals with Impact Factor (updated 2020) Source of Ranking: Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics) Journal Logo Source: Respective Journals Website. Disclaimer: Logos and informations are only used for educational purposes. If there are any copyright issues regarding the logo and information of the journal, please email us at microbenotes@gmail.com. 1. Nature Reviews … Read more Top 10 Microbiology Journals with Impact Factor (updated 2020)

Differences between DNA and RNA (DNA vs RNA)

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Differences between DNA and RNA

Differences between DNA and RNA (DNA vs RNA) Some of the differences are: S.N. Character DNA RNA 1.       Full form Deoxyribonucleic Acid  Ribonucleic Acid 2.       Location DNA is found in the nucleus, with a small amount of DNA also present in mitochondria. RNA forms in the nucleolus, and then moves to specialized regions … Read more Differences between DNA and RNA (DNA vs RNA)

Microbiology History

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History of Microbiology

Microbiology History Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur is also known as the father of microbiology. He has many contributions to microbiology: He has proposed the principles of fermentation for the preservation of food. He introduced sterilization techniques and developed steam sterilizers, hot air oven, and autoclave. He described the method of pasteurization of milk. He had … Read more Microbiology History

Biochemical Test of Bacteria

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Biochemical Test of Bacteria

Biochemical Test of Bacteria Biochemical reactions are very important in the identification of bacterial isolates and in the identification of different bacterial species. These tests depend on the presence of certain enzymes, such as catalase, oxidase, urease, gelatinase, etc., produced by the bacteria. Different bacteria produce varying spectra of enzymes. For example, some enzymes are … Read more Biochemical Test of Bacteria

Sensitivity and Specificity

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Sensitivity and Specificity

Sensitivity and Specificity When developing diagnostic tests or evaluating results, it is important to understand how reliable those tests and therefore the results obtained are. By using samples of known disease status, values such as sensitivity and specificity can be calculated that allow its evaluation. Therefore, when evaluating diagnostic tests, it is important to calculate … Read more Sensitivity and Specificity

Peptone Water

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Peptone Water

Peptone Water Peptone water is formulated as per Shread, Donovan, and Lee. It is a broth medium used for the growth of the organism and a base for determining carbohydrate fermentation patterns of non-fastidious organisms. In addition, it is also used for the detection of indole production by the organism. Composition Ingredients Gms / L … Read more Peptone Water

Koch’s postulates and its limitations

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Koch’s postulates and its limitations

Koch’s postulates and its limitations Koch’s postulate forms the very basis of the pathogenic microbiology. The causality of almost all infectious diseases is based on the postulate and theories developed by Robert Koch, who is rightly called the “father of pathogenic microbiology,” and his contemporaries. Developed in the late 19th century, it has stood the … Read more Koch’s postulates and its limitations

Degradation and Deterioration

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Degradation and Deterioration

Degradation and Deterioration Nature has always provided, in considerable amounts and variety, polymeric materials with interesting compositions and structures. These natural polymers include polysaccharides, such as cellulose, chitin, starch, alginate, galactan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, and gellan, obtained from plants, animals, and microbial sources and polyesters, such as poly(b-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(b-hydroxybutyrate-co-b–hydroxyvalerate), produced by numerous bacteria. In biological … Read more Degradation and Deterioration

General Aseptic Techniques in Microbiology Laboratory

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General Aseptic Techniques in Microbiology Laboratory

General Aseptic Techniques in Microbiology Laboratory Aseptic technique is a set of routine measures that are taken to prevent cultures, sterile media stocks, and other solutions from being contaminated by unwanted microorganisms (i.e., sepsis). While such actions are sometimes called “sterile technique,” that terminology is appropriate only in reference to preventing the introduction of any … Read more General Aseptic Techniques in Microbiology Laboratory

Direct Microscopic Counts

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Direct Microscopic Counts

Direct Microscopic Counts Studies involving the analysis of materials including food, water, milk, and, in some cases, air require quantitative enumeration of microorganisms in the substances. Many methods have been devised to accomplish this, including direct microscopic counts, use of an electronic cell counter such as the Coulter Counter, chemical methods for estimating cell mass … Read more Direct Microscopic Counts

Classification of Protozoa

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Classification of Protozoa

Classification of Protozoa The sub kingdom Protozoa which was originally included in the kingdom protista includes unicellular, non-photosynthetic, eukaryotic microorganism that are considered single celled, The Protozoan Animals. The Protozoa may be defined as ‘microscopic, acellular animalcules existing singly or in colonies without tissues and organs, having one or more nuclei. When in colonies, they … Read more Classification of Protozoa

Bacterial and Fungal Preservation Methods

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Bacterial and Fungal Preservation Methods

Bacterial and Fungal Preservation Methods Biopreservation is the process of preserving the integrity and functionality of cells. Most bacteriological laboratories maintain stock cultures of microorganisms for educational, research, bioassay, industrial, or other purposes. A wide variety of techniques are available for the preservation of bacteria and it may be difficult to choose a method for a … Read more Bacterial and Fungal Preservation Methods