Neural Integration: Temporal and Spatial Summation
Neurons conduct signals to other neurons where synapse acts solely as conveyers of information. With the aid of various forms of synaptic activity, a single neuron can convey an array … Read more
Human anatomy is the science that deals with the physical morphology and structure of the human body.
Human anatomy is further divided into two groups; gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy involves study related to anatomical structures that can be seen with unaided eyes, while microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures, histology, and cytology.
Humans belong to the Subphylum Vertebrate of the Phylum Chordata as they have the characteristic internal skeleton with a backbone of vertebrae.
Other typical mammalian structures in humans include hair, mammary glands, and highly developed sense organs.
Besides, among mammals, humans have a predominantly two-legged (bipedal) posture, along with a highly developed intellectual.
The chemical composition of the human body is composed of water and organic compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
The human body is composed of specialized systems for different purposes; the digestive system for digestion, the respiratory system for respiration, the reproductive system for reproduction, and the skeletal and muscular system for movement.
Cells are the fundamental units of the human body consisting of trillions of cells in the body. The cells together form tissues.
Four basic types of tissues are found in humans, each of which is specialized for a particular purpose; epithelial tissue for covering the body, muscular tissue for movement, nerve tissues for signaling, and connective tissue for transport of nutrients.
The following organization of the human body is organs. An organ is composed of a group of specialized tissues from a structural and functional unit.
Organs are followed by the system as the final organization of the human body. The body includes nine major organ systems, each composed of various organs and tissues that work together as a functional unit.
Information on human anatomy is essential during the analysis of signs of symptoms of different diseases and disease diagnoses.
It also allows an understanding of the relationship between different organ systems and the changes occurring in the body’s anatomy during growth.
Human physiology is a branch of natural science that deals with the functioning of the human body.
It includes various physiological activities like digestion, respiration, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and excretion, all of which occur in a coordinated way between various organs and systems.
Physiology includes the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functioning of a healthy human body.
A normal human body works as a result of the regulated system of networking between different systems. These interactions work towards maintaining homeostasis.
The concept of homeostasis is important in human physiology as it explains that the internal environment of an organism moves in a direction to maintain an equilibrium.
In the human body, homeostasis is maintained at the system level with each system trying to maintain its homeostasis.
Human physiology, like human anatomy, describes the mechanisms from the molecular to the cellular level, integrating the working of the entire body.
Based on the information obtained via studies done on human physiology, it is understood that the cells, tissues, organs, and systems together work to maintain a healthy human body.
Besides, certain compounds or chemicals produced in the body like enzymes and hormones also aid in the process of human physiology.
A slight change in the working of a single organ in the body might affect the working of the entire body overall.
Human physiology is closely related to human anatomy where the anatomy of an organ or tissue plays a significant role in the physiology of the said organ or tissue.
Human physiology is also interrelated with clinical medicine and microbiology where different microorganisms found within the body aid in different processes like bacteria in the gut producing acid and other enzymes that aid in digestion.
During the life cycle of humans, the body undergoes multiple changes which are influenced by changes in anatomy and changes in environmental factors. The physiology of the body thus adapts to such changes to maintain homeostasis.
Neurons conduct signals to other neurons where synapse acts solely as conveyers of information. With the aid of various forms of synaptic activity, a single neuron can convey an array … Read more
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin or arginine vasopressin is a peptide hormone synthesized by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus and is stored in the pituitary gland. Even synthesized … Read more
What is a Reflex? A reflex is a fast, predictable, automatic (involuntary) response triggered by specific stimuli (environmental change). It is a quick, automatic reaction to something that happens and … Read more
Casts are generally regarded as the precipitation of protein along with other cells such as WBC (white blood cells), RBC (red blood cells), kidney cells, or substances such as fat … Read more
Mucosa, or mucous membrane, is a thick, soft tissue lining that forms a protective layer for internal organs of the body, body canals including orifices such as nostrils, ears, lips, … Read more
The human body is a complex puzzle, with each piece representing a vital organ. The anatomical position is the cornerstone of human anatomy, a standardized reference point that transcends anatomical … Read more
The rib cage or thoracic cage (called thorax) is located in the most medial portion of the body and protects vital organs like the heart and lungs. The rib cage … Read more
Echocardiography (Echo) is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses high-frequency sound (ultrasound) to investigate the heart’s anatomy and function. This test uses 1.5 to 7.5 MHz sound waves to examine … Read more
Electrocardiogram, commonly known as ECG or EKG is a medical test report indicating the heart’s electrical activity and rhythm during repeated cardiac cycles. It is printed on grid paper called … Read more
Hemoglobin is a complex iron-containing protein found in erythrocytes (red blood cells) of most vertebrates that plays a vital role in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide within the blood. It … Read more