Biochemistry Notes | Microbe Notes

20 Differences Between Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids

September 4, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Figure: Differences Between Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids. Image Source: BioNinja. Saturated fatty acids definition Saturated fatty acids are the simplest form of fats that are unbranched linear chains of CH2 groups linked together by carbon-carbon single bonds with a terminal carboxylic acid. The term ‘saturated’ is used to indicate that the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are bonded to …

12 differences between Primary and Secondary Metabolites

August 18, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Differences between Primary Metabolites & Secondary Metabolites

Primary Metabolites Definition Primary metabolites are the compounds that are directly involved in the metabolic pathways of an organism necessary for its growth, development, and reproduction. These metabolites are associated with the physiological processes occurring in the organism. Primary metabolites are produced in the organism during the growth phase, as a result of the growth mechanism. The growth phase associated …

Peptide bond- definition, formation, degradation, examples

June 19, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

What is a peptide? A peptide is a short-chain made up of amino acid which, together with other peptides, forms a protein. The number of amino acids in a peptide can range from two amino acids to fifty amino acids. Based on the number of amino acids present in the peptide, peptides are of many types; peptides with ten or …

Krebs cycle / Citric acid cycle / TCA Cycle with steps and diagram

June 10, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Krebs cycle Definition The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle is a series of reactions that take place in the mitochondria resulting in oxidation of acetyl CoA to release carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms that later lead to the formation of water. This cycle is termed the citric acid cycle as the first metabolic …

Electron transport chain- definition, components, steps & FAQs

June 8, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Electron Transport Chain Definition The Electron Transport System also called the Electron Transport Chain, is a chain of reactions that converts redox energy available from oxidation of NADH and FADH2, into proton-motive force which is used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is the last step of …

Glycolysis- definition, equation, enzymes, 10 Steps with diagram

June 8, 2020June 3, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Glycolysis Definition Glycolysis is the central pathway for the glucose catabolism in which glucose (6-carbon compound) is converted into pyruvate (3-carbon compound) through a sequence of 10 steps. Glycolysis takes place in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms and is the first step towards the metabolism of glucose. The glycolytic sequence of reactions differs from one species to the other in …

Ketones in urine (ketonuria) and Ketones in urine test

May 24, 2020May 23, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

What are ketones? Chemically, ketones are the organic compounds containing carbon, oxygen various carbon-containing substituents. Ketones consist of a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. In our body, ketones are the metabolic end products of fatty acid metabolism. What are ketone bodies? Ketone bodies are the water-soluble particles formed in the liver when the acetyl-CoA formed in the liver during the oxidation of …

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation

May 23, 2020May 21, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation Definition The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is the equation commonly used in chemistry and biology to determine the pH of a solution. This equation shows a relationship between the pH or pOH of the solution, the pKa or pKb, and the concentration of the chemical species involved. This equation was developed independently by the American biological chemist L. J. …

Biuret Test for Protein

May 5, 2020 by Sagar Aryal

What does Biuret test for? Proteins are the complex compound formed by thousands of amino acids. Amino acids are amphoteric electrolytes having carboxyl and amino groups that act like acid and base. It has one positive charge and one negative charge, hence these ions are electrically neutral and do not migrate in the electric field. The two amino acids are …

Carbohydrate Fermentation Test | Sugar Fermentation Test

April 27, 2020 by Sagar Aryal

Introduction Carbohydrates are organic molecules that comprise carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio (CH2O)n. There are three types of carbohydrates based on their structure and number of carbon atoms present, they are monosaccharides (simple sugar containing 3-7 carbon atoms), disaccharides (comprising of two monosaccharides linked together by the glycosidic bond), polysaccharides (containing eight or more monosaccharide molecules). The energy …