Biotechnology is a branch of biology that deals with the utilization of living beings or living processes for the production of different products that are important for living beings.
Batch Culture Definition In batch culture, all the medium components are placed in the reactor at the start of cultivation except for atmospheric gases, acid or base for pH control, and antifoaming agents. There is a continuous change in the … Read more
Continuous Culture Definition Continuous culture is a continuous process where nutrients are continually added to the bioreactor and the culture broth (containing cells and metabolites) is removed at the same time. The volume of the culture broth is constant due … Read more
Fed-batch culture Definition In simple words, fed-batch culture is a modification to batch fermentation. In fed-batch cultivation, nutrients are added aseptically; it is a semi-open system, and the volume of liquid culture in the bioreactor increases as the culture is … Read more
Batch Culture Definition In batch fermentation, all the medium components are placed in the reactor at the start of cultivation except for atmospheric gases, acid or base for pH control, and antifoaming agents. There is a continuous change in the nutrient concentrations over time, and the system … Read more
Bioreactor Definition A bioreactor is a type of fermentation vessel that is used for the production of various chemicals and biological reactions. It is a closed container with adequate arrangement for aeration, agitation, temperature and pH control, and drain or … Read more
Introduction Fermentation is one of the ancient food processing technologies. Fermentation is defined as a process in which chemical changes occur in an organic substrate through the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms. For example, yeast enzymes convert sugars and … Read more
What is Penicillin? Alexander Fleming in September 1928 accidentally discovered Penicillin. He found that the fungus, Penicillium notatum prevented the growth of bacteria, Staphylococcus spp.. Later Clutterbuck and his colleagues in 1932 studied the nature of Penicillin and found it … Read more
What is Animal cell culture? Animal cell culture is a type of biotechnological technique where animal cells are artificially grown in a favorable environment. The cells used in animal cell culture are usually obtained from multicellular eukaryotes and their established … Read more
Until recently, cells were thought to be integral and discrete components of tissues, and their state was determined by cell differentiation. However, under some conditions, stem cells or their progeny can fuse with cells of other types, mixing cytoplasmic and … Read more
Embryo refers to the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother. In humans the term is applied to the unborn child until the end of the seventh week following conception; … Read more
Bacteriophage Definition Bacteriophage or Phage is a virus that infects and replicates only within the body of bacteria. Bacteriophages were discovered independently by Frederick W. Twort in the U.K and Félix d’Hérelle in France. The term ‘bacteriophage’ has been derived … Read more
What is 3D Bioprinting? 3D Bioprinting is the method of printing biomedical structures with the use of viable cells, biological molecules, and biomaterials. In simple words, 3D bioprinting is the deposition of biological material in a layer-by-layer fashion to create … Read more
Centrifugal force definition Centrifugal force is an outward fictitious force that is experienced by an object moving in a circular path directed away from the center of rotation. The direction of this force is away from the axis of rotation … Read more
Ultracentrifuge Definition Ultracentrifuge is a sophisticated and advanced centrifuge that operates at an extremely high speed and separates smaller molecules that cannot be separated from the traditional centrifuges. The speed of the rotors in ultracentrifuge can range from 60,000 rpm … Read more
Chromatography Definition Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis. A wide range of chromatographic procedures makes use of differences in size, binding affinities, … Read more
The enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. Enzymes found in nature have been used since ancient times in the … Read more
Bioremediation refers to the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site. It is a process that uses mainly microorganisms but also plants, or microbial … Read more
Fermentation is the technique of biological conversion of complex substrates into simple compounds by various microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. In the course of this metabolic breakdown, they also release several additional compounds apart from the usual products of … Read more
Plant Tissue culture is the in vitro aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs, or whole plant under controlled nutritional and environmental conditions often to produce the clones of plants. It refers to a collection of techniques used to maintain or … Read more
Micropropagation is the rapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions of high light intensity, controlled temperature, and a defined nutrient medium. The technique has been applied to a substantial number of commercial vegetatively propagated plant species. Plants can … Read more
Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is a fermentation method used by several industries like the pharmaceuticals, food, textile etc., to produce metabolites of microorganisms using solid support in place of the liquid medium. It is defined as the growth of microbes without … Read more