Biotechnology

Biotechnology Notes. Notes on Biotechnology. Online Biotechnology related notes. Biotechnology Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.

14 Types of Chromatography (Definition, Principle, Steps, Uses)

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Types of Chromatography (Definition, Principle, Steps, Uses)

Chromatography Definition Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis. A wide range of chromatographic procedures makes use of differences in size, binding affinities, charge, and other properties to separate materials. It is a powerful separation tool that is … Read more 14 Types of Chromatography (Definition, Principle, Steps, Uses)

Enzyme Technology

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Enzyme Technology

Enzyme Technology The enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. Enzymes found in nature have been used since ancient times in the production of food products, such as cheese, sourdough, beer, wine and vinegar, and … Read more Enzyme Technology

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation

Bioremediation Bioremediation refers to the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site. It is a process that uses mainly microorganisms but also plants, or microbial or plant enzymes to detoxify contaminants in the soil and other environments. The concept … Read more Bioremediation

Cell Fusion- Types and Significance

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Cell Fusion- Types and Significance

Cell Fusion- Types and Significance Until recently, cells were thought to be integral and discrete components of tissues, and their state was determined by cell differentiation. However, under some conditions, stem cells or their progeny can fuse with cells of other types, mixing cytoplasmic and even genetic material of different (heterotypic) origins. Cell fusion is an important cellular … Read more Cell Fusion- Types and Significance

Embryo Transfer

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Embryo transfer

Embryo Transfer Embryo refers to the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother. In humans the term is applied to the unborn child until the end of the seventh week following conception; from the eighth week, the unborn child is called a fetus. Embryo transfer refers to … Read more Embryo Transfer

Submerged Fermentation

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Submerged Fermentation

Submerged fermentation- Principle, Methods, Substrate, Applications, Advantages and Limitations Fermentation is the technique of biological conversion of complex substrates into simple compounds by various microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. In the course of this metabolic breakdown, they also release several additional compounds apart from the usual products of fermentation, such as carbon dioxide and alcohol. … Read more Submerged Fermentation

Plant Tissue Culture

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Plant Tissue Culture

Plant Tissue Culture Plant Tissue culture is the in vitro aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs or whole plant under controlled nutritional and environmental conditions often to produce the clones of plants. It refers to a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium … Read more Plant Tissue Culture

Micropropagation- Stages, Types, Applications, Advantages, Limitations

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Stages of Micropropagation

Micropropagation- Stages, Types, Applications, Advantages, Limitations Micropropagation is the rapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions of high light intensity, controlled temperature, and a defined nutrient medium. The technique has been applied to a substantial number of commercial vegetatively propagated plant species. Plants can be propagated by sexual (through the generation of seeds) … Read more Micropropagation- Stages, Types, Applications, Advantages, Limitations

Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

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Schematic of solid state fermenter for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to enzymes.

Solid State Fermentation (SSF) Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is a fermentation method used by several industries like the pharmaceuticals, food, textile etc., to produce metabolites of microorganisms using solid support in place of the liquid medium. It is defined as the growth of microbes without free-flowing aqueous phase. The SSF is alternative to submerged fermentation for … Read more Solid State Fermentation (SSF)