Online microbiology and biology related notes by SAGAR ARYAL
Campylobacter Blood Agar (CVA) Campylobacter Blood Agar (CVA) is a selective medium used for the primary isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from stool specimens. Dekeyser et al. reported the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from the feces of patients with diarrhea and acute gastroenteritis by using a filtration technique and a selective medium with antimicrobials to suppress the normal … Read moreCampylobacter Blood Agar (CVA)
Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep Blood Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep blood is highly nutritious general purpose medium for the isolation and cultivation of the non-fastidious and fastidious microorganisms from various clinical specimens and non-clinical specimens of public health importance. Columbia Blood Agar was first described in 1966 by Ellner et al who incorporated animal … Read moreColumbia Agar with 5% Sheep Blood
Biochemical Test of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus Basic Characteristics Properties (Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus) Capsule Capsule like surface (S-layer) proteins Catalase Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Gram-negative KMnO4 Positive (+ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Motility Positive (+ve) 2% NaCl Positive (+ve) Nitrate Reduction Positive (+ve) 2% Ox-bile Positive (+ve) Oxidase Positive (+ve) 0.02% Safranin … Read moreBiochemical Test of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) Feeley et al in 1978 developed a medium to isolate Legionella species which was later modified by substituting yeast extract for casein hydrolysate and beef extract, and replacing starch with activated charcoal and named it as Charcoal Yeast Extract (CYE) Agar. A further modification was made by Pasculle et al in … Read moreBuffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE)
Homology Modeling- Working, Steps, and Uses Homology modeling is also known as comparative modeling predicts protein structures based on sequence homology with known structures. It is based on the principle that “if two proteins share a high enough sequence similarity, they are likely to have very similar three-dimensional structures.” It hence relies on the identification … Read moreHomology Modeling- Working, Steps, and Uses
Bismuth Sulphite Agar (BSA) The Salmonellae constitute the most taxonomically complex group of bacteria among Enterobacteriaceae. Human Salmonella infections are most commonly caused by ingestion of food, water or milk contaminated by human or animal excreta. Humans are the only reservoirs of S. Typhi. Four clinical types of Salmonella infections may be distinguished namely gastroenteritis, … Read moreBismuth Sulphite Agar (BSA)
Biochemical Test of Clostridium perfringens Basic Characteristics Properties (Clostridium perfringens) 20% Bile Positive (+ve) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Flagella Negative (-ve) Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Gram-positive Hemolysis Positive (+ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Motility Negative (-ve) Nitrate Reduction Variable Oxidase Negative (-ve) Shape Rod shaped; straight rods with blunt … Read moreBiochemical Test of Clostridium perfringens
Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar In 1919, Rosenow devised an excellent medium for culturing streptococci by using a dextrose broth supplemented with brain tissue. Rosenow’s formulation was later modified by Hayden who found the addition of crushed marble resulted in favorable growth of dental pathogens. Our current formulation contains infusion from calf brain in place … Read moreBrain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar
Cary Blair Transport Medium Cary-Blair Transport Medium is a simple, semi-solid, non-nutritive medium used for the collection and preservation of microbiological specimens. The minimal nutrients in the medium facilitate survival of organisms without multiplication. The semisolid consistency provides ease of transport, and the prepared medium can be stored for up to 1 year after preparation … Read moreCary Blair Transport Medium
Biochemical Test of Brucella melitensis Basic Characteristics Properties (B. melitensis) Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive(+ve) Flagella Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Gram Negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Litmus Milk Negative (-ve) Motility Negative (-ve) MR (Methyl Red) Negative (-ve) Nitrate Reduction Positive(+ve) Oxidase Positive(+ve) Shape Coccobacilli, … Read moreBiochemical Test of Brucella melitensis