Normal floras are the microorganisms that are constantly present in the skin and mucous membrane of every human without causing any infection in a healthy individual. Only bacteria and fungus … Read more
Normal floras are the microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that are constantly present in the skin and mucous membrane of every human in a relatively stable manner, either for a particular … Read more
Normal floras are the microorganisms present in the skin and mucous membrane of every human in a relatively stable manner without causing any disease/infection in a healthy individual. They are … Read more
Parasites are widely spread in the environment and are responsible for causing diseases associated with diarrheal illness. Food-borne and water-borne parasites are mainly associated with the disease and are the … Read more
Human enteric viruses are the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis also known as stomach flu and are transmitted via food and waterborne route. Foodborne viruses include the human noroviruses (HNoV), … Read more
Toxigenic algae are the major concern of algal poisoning for aquatic animals, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals as well as humans and are found in marine, brackish and freshwater habitats. Some … Read more
The stool is undigested food material and other wastes produced in the digestion process and eliminated from the digestive tract through the anus/cloaca. Stool culture is a microbiological test done … Read more
Sputum is thick mucus secreted by cells in the lower respiratory tract including bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. It is also called phlegm. It is a commonly collected sample for laboratory … Read more
Fungi are the most widely distributed free-living organisms on Earth with about 1,44,000 known species to date and many other unknown species are yet to be identified. Some of the … Read more
Blood is sterile liquid connective tissue flowing inside blood vessels as a pumping action of the heart. Infection in the blood is called bloodstream infection. It is a serious condition … Read more
