Online Microbiology and Biology Study Notes
Bacillus anthracis definition Bacillus anthracis is the only obligate pathogenic species of Bacillus and the causative agent of anthrax, which is a common disease of livestock and occasionally occurs in humans. Anthrax is called a zoonotic disease as the disease can transfer between animals and humans via different means. It is a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that is commonly found in …
Syntrophism Definition Syntrophism or syntrophy is a special kind of interaction between two metabolically different organisms where they interact by short-distance metabolite transfer. This type of association enables the organisms involved to carry out a metabolic function that neither of them can perform alone. The growth of one organism depends on nutrients, growth factors, and the substrate provided by the …
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Competition Definition Competition is a biological interaction between two or more organisms of the same or different species where the species compete with each other for different resources. Most of the competitive interaction occurs for the need of food sources that occur in a limited supply when compared to demand. However, organisms might compete for other resources like shelter, light, …
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Predation Definition Predation is a type of ecological interaction where one of the species kills and feeds on the other. The organism that kills and feeds on the dead organism is called the predator, whereas the organism that gets killed is called the prey. Predation is different from scavenging on dead organisms, but predators also scavenge as a part of …
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The ecosystem is made up of biotic and abiotic factors. Abiotic factor comprises non-living components like sunlight, temperature, water, soil, wind, humidity and radiations. These are the physical and chemical agents that ultimately affects the biotic factors. Biotic factor or components means the living things of an eco-system. It is also responsible for the different outbreaks of diseases. Both abiotic …
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Parasitism Definition Parasitism is a type of ecological association between species where one of the species benefits from the association at the expense of the other, usually without killing the organism. The organisms that obtain the benefit from the association is called a parasite, whereas the organisms that are harmed by the association is called the host. The term parasite …
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Our environment, the place where we human beings, as well as many creatures, live, is actually made up of or influenced by various factors. These factors have made the earth a home for all of us. This ecosystem is maintained and balanced by the two main factors. i.e. abiotic factor and biotic factor. Abiotic: non-living factor Biotic: Living factor What …
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Amensalism (Antagonism) Definition Amensalism is a type of negative ecological interaction where one of the species is harmed or destroyed while the other either benefits or remains unaffected. Amensalism is usually considered a relationship that exists between organisms of two different species, but cases of such interactions can be observed even within the same species. Amensalism is one of the …
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Commensalism Definition Commensalism is a type of ecological interaction between two or more species where one of the species is benefitted without either harming or benefitting the other. Commensalism is a positive interaction but is quite different interactions like mutualism or parasitism. It is usually a long term relationship where some species remain in the interaction for their entire life. …
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Protocooperation Definition Protocooperation is a type of ecological interaction where both the species involved in the interaction are benefitted, but the interaction is not obligatory for survival. The interaction between species in protocooperation is simply for the gain they receive from the interaction. The interaction is often considered a type of mutualism (facultative mutualism). Even though the interaction increases the …
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