Online microbiology notes by SAGAR ARYAL
Modified Thayer Martin Agar Thayer and Martin reported an improvement of the Chocolate Agar formulation that contained antimicrobics vancomycin, colistin and nystatin have been added to minimize overgrowth by contaminants, suppress the growth of saprophytic Neisseria sp., and enhance the growth of pathogenic Neisseria. Martin and Lester later added antibiotic trimethoprim to make the medium … Read moreModified Thayer Martin Agar
Biochemical Test of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Image Source: New York State Health Department Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Flagella Negative (-ve) Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Faintly stained Gram-negative H2S (in cysteine-supplemented medium) Positive (+ve) … Read moreBiochemical Test of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis
E. coli is the most common and important member of the genus Escherichia. It is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Human Escherichia coli strains are classified as commensal microbiota E. coli, enterovirulent E. coli, and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli on the basis of their genetic features … Read moreE. coli- Pathogenicity and Clinical Manifestations
Peptone Water Peptone water is formulated as per Shread, Donovan, and Lee. It is a broth medium used for the growth of the organism and a base for determining carbohydrate fermentation patterns of non-fastidious organisms. In addition, it is also used for the detection of indole production by the organism. Composition Ingredients Gms / L … Read morePeptone Water
Endemic Diseases Communicable diseases are termed endemic when they have a relatively stable pattern of occurrence in a given geographical area or population group at the relatively high prevalence and incidence. It refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group, without importation from outside. … Read moreEndemic Diseases
Laboratory Diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens For Diarrheal Disease Laboratories diagnose C. perfringens food poisoning by detecting a type of bacterial toxin in feces or by tests to determine the number of bacteria in the feces. A count of at least 106 C. perfringens spores per gram of stool within 48 hours of when the illness … Read moreClostridium perfringens- Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention
Acinetobacter baumannii- Pathogenicity and Clinical Features Acinetobacters are strictly aerobic, oxidase-negative, plump gram-negative coccobacilli which are ubiquitous saprophytes, recovered in nature and in the hospitals. They are opportunistic pathogens that cause infections in the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and wounds; they also cause septicemia. Acinetobacter is subdivided into two groups: glucose oxidizing species ( A. … Read moreAcinetobacter baumannii- Pathogenicity and Clinical Features
Disease Prevention Disease prevention is a procedure through which individuals, those with risk factors for a disease or without the risk factors, are treated in order to prevent a disease from occurring. Treatment normally begins either before signs and symptoms of the disease occur, or shortly thereafter. Prevention includes a wide range of activities — … Read moreDisease Prevention
Introduction MacConkey Sorbitol Agar is based on the formulation described by Rappaport and Henigh. It is selective and differential media for the detection of sorbitol-nonfermenting Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 associated with hemorrhagic colitis. E. coli serotype O157:H7 is a human pathogen associated with hemorrhagic colitis that results from the action of a Shiga-like toxin (SLT). … Read moreSorbitol MacConkey Agar
Cross-Sectional Study A cross-sectional study (also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study) is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time. It examines the relationship between diseases (or other health-related states) and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at a single … Read moreCross-Sectional Study