Online Microbiology and Biology Notes
Cell Biology Notes, Cell Organelles Notes including Definition, Structure, Functions, and Diagram.
Buffy Coat Definition A buffy coat suspension is a concentrated suspension of leukocytes and platelets that make up a part of the anticoagulated blood sample obtained by the process of density gradient centrifugation. The term buffy coat arose from the fact that the suspension has a color (yellowish beige) that is similar to buff. Buffy coats primarily contain white blood …
Blood Cells Definition Blood cells, also known as hematocytes, hemocytes, or hematopoietic cells, are cells produced mostly in the blood and are synthesized primarily in the red bone marrow. Blood cells make up about 45% of the blood volume, while the rest (55%) is occupied by blood plasma. Blood contains three different types of blood cells, namely, red blood cell …
Read moreBlood Cells- Definition and Types with Structure and Functions
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a type of endoplasmic reticulum consisting of flattened sacs, studded with protein-synthesizing particles termed ribosomes on the outer surface. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a part of the endomembrane system that is present in the cytoplasm of the cell. The organelle is involved in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of …
Read more13 Differences Between Rough & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytokinesis Definition Cytokinesis is a physical process of cell division, that normally takes place after mitosis. Cytokinesis is the physical division of the cell cytoplasm, the cell membrane, and cell organelles in eukaryotic cells to produce two distinct cells at the end of the cell cycle in both mitosis and meiosis. In most cells, cytokinesis is initiated during the anaphase …
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What is Telophase? Telophase is the fifth phase of mitosis and the final phase of meiosis as well. In meiosis, there are two phases of telophase I and telophase II. This is the stage of separation of duplicate genetic materials that are carried in the cell nucleus of the parent cells. They end up forming two identical daughter cells. Telophase …
Anaphase Definition This is the phase that separates duplicate genetic materials that are carried in the nucleus of the parent cell, into the two identical daughter cells. In the previous phase, metaphase, the sister chromatids (replicated chromosomes) are aligned along the cell’s equator on the metaphase plate. Therefore, during anaphase, each pair of chromosomes separates into two identical but independent …
Eukaryotic Cells Definition Eukaryotic cells are the cells that are complex in structure and function as they have a membrane-bound well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The term “eukaryote” is derived from Greek words, “eu” meaning ‘true’ and “karyon’ meaning ‘nucleus.’ Eukaryotic cells have a more advanced structural composition when compared to prokaryotes. By virtue of these advancements, eukaryotic cells …
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What is Apoptosis? Apoptosis is a normal genetically programmed cell death where an aging cell at the end of its life cycle shrinks and its remaining fragments are phagocytosed without any inflammatory reaction. The term apoptosis was first introduced in a paper in 1972 by Kerr, Wyllie, and Currie to describe a morphologically distinct type of cell death. It consists …
Read moreApoptosis- definition, pathways, assay, examples (vs Necrosis)
Epithelial Tissue Definition Epithelial tissue is a type of animal tissue, consisting of closely aggregated polyhedral cells connected firmly to one another in the form of cellular sheets that line the interior of hollow organs and cover the body surface. Cells in epithelial tissue or epithelium (epithelia; plural) are arranged in continuous sheets, in either single or multiple layers. The …
Read more15 differences between epithelial tissue and connective tissue
Neutrophils Definition Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell with multi-lobed nuclei and stainable cytoplasmic granules. These are the most abundant granulocytes, occupying about 40-60% of the total number of white blood cells in the blood. Neutrophils, like all other blood cells, are formed from the stem cells in the bone marrow. After differentiation in the bone marrow, neutrophils …
Read moreNeutrophils – Definition, structure, count, range, functions