Online microbiology notes by SAGAR ARYAL
Plasmodesmata- Structure and Functions Every living cell in a higher plant is connected to its living neighbours by fine cytoplasmic channels, each of which is called a plasmodesma which passes through the intervening cell walls. They act like tunnels running through the cell wall which allow communication with the other cells in a tissue. The … Read morePlasmodesmata- Structure and Functions
Peroxisomes- Structure and Functions Peroxisomes are small, membrane-enclosed cellular organelles containing oxidative enzymes which are involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy metabolism. They are considered as an important type of microbody found in both plants and animal cells. They were identified as organelles by Belgian cytologist Christian de Duve … Read morePeroxisomes- Structure and Functions
Vesicles- Structure, Types, and Functions Cells must be able to move molecules, digest particles, and secrete materials in order to survive. For many cellular functions, vesicles are used. A vesicle is a small, spherical compartment that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. Many vesicles are made in the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum … Read moreVesicles- Structure, Types, and Functions
Storage Granules- Structure and Functions Storage granules are membrane-bounded vesicles containing condensed materials. They are also known as zymogen granules or condensing vacuoles. Storage granules are an important component of metabolism in many organisms spanning the bacterial, eukaryotes and archaeal domains. These granules are the parts of the cell that store the cell’s energy reserves … Read moreStorage Granules- Structure and Functions
Membrane Carbohydrate Cell membranes are selective barriers that separate individual cells and cellular compartments. Membranes are assemblies of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids held together by binding forces. Carbohydrates are covalently linked to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids) and also an important part of cell membranes, and function as adhesion and address loci for cells. The Fluid Mosaic Model describes membranes as a … Read moreMembrane Carbohydrate
Nucleosome Model of Chromosome The chromosomes are the nuclear components of the special organization, individuality, and function that are capable of self-reproduction and play a vital role in heredity, mutation, variation and evolutionary development of the species. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins that support its structure. The proteins that bind … Read moreNucleosome Model of Chromosome
Difference between active transport and passive transport Active and passive transport are the two main biological process which plays an important role in supplying nutrients, water, oxygen, and other essential molecules to cells and also by removing waste products. Both active and passive transport works for the same cause, but with different movement. Active transport … Read moreDifference between active transport and passive transport
Sandwich (Davson–Danielli) model of cell membrane The Davson–Danielli model (or paucimolecular model) was a model of the plasma membrane of a cell, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli. The model describes a phospholipid bilayer that lies between two layers of globular proteins and it is trilaminar and lipoproteinous. It was the first model that attempted to describe the position of proteins within the … Read moreSandwich (Davson–Danielli) model of cell membrane
Secretory Vesicles Vesicles are small, membrane-enclosed sacs that store and transport substances to and from one cell to another and from one part of a cell to another. The small, spherical compartment of vesicles is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. Because vesicles are made of phospholipids, they can break off of and … Read moreSecretory Vesicles
Fluid Mosaic Model The plasma membrane, also known as the cell surface membrane or plasmalemma, defines the boundary of the cell. They are a special type of membranes which are lipid structures that separate the cell from its environment. In composition, it is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that enclosing every living cell. It … Read moreFluid Mosaic Model