Cell Biology Notes | Microbe Notes

13 Differences Between Rough & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

August 31, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Differences Between Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a type of endoplasmic reticulum consisting of flattened sacs, studded with protein-synthesizing particles termed ribosomes on the outer surface. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a part of the endomembrane system that is present in the cytoplasm of the cell. The organelle is involved in the synthesis, … Read more 13 Differences Between Rough & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cytokinesis- Definition and Process (in animal and plant cells)

August 30, 2020August 30, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

Cytokinesis Definition Cytokinesis is a physical process of cell division, that normally takes place after mitosis. Cytokinesis is the physical division of the cell cytoplasm, the cell membrane, and cell organelles in eukaryotic cells to produce two distinct cells at the end of the cell cycle in both mitosis and meiosis. In most cells, cytokinesis … Read more Cytokinesis- Definition and Process (in animal and plant cells)

Telophase in Mitosis and Meiosis (Telophase I, II)

August 28, 2020August 28, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

What is Telophase? Telophase is the fifth phase of mitosis and the final phase of meiosis as well. In meiosis, there are two phases of telophase I and telophase II. This is the stage of separation of duplicate genetic materials that are carried in the cell nucleus of the parent cells. They end up forming … Read more Telophase in Mitosis and Meiosis (Telophase I, II)

Anaphase in Mitosis and Meiosis (Anaphase I, II)

August 27, 2020August 27, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

Anaphase Definition This is the phase that separates duplicate genetic materials that are carried in the nucleus of the parent cell, into the two identical daughter cells. In the previous phase, metaphase, the sister chromatids (replicated chromosomes) are aligned along the cell’s equator on the metaphase plate. Therefore, during anaphase, each pair of chromosomes separates … Read more Anaphase in Mitosis and Meiosis (Anaphase I, II)

Eukaryotic Cells- Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Examples

August 24, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Eukaryotic Cells Definition Eukaryotic cells are the cells that are complex in structure and function as they have a membrane-bound well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The term “eukaryote” is derived from Greek words, “eu” meaning ‘true’ and “karyon’ meaning ‘nucleus.’ Eukaryotic cells have a more advanced structural composition when compared to prokaryotes. By virtue … Read more Eukaryotic Cells- Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Examples

Apoptosis- definition, pathways, assay, examples (vs Necrosis)

July 22, 2020July 22, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

What is Apoptosis? Apoptosis is a normal genetically programmed cell death where an aging cell at the end of its life cycle shrinks and its remaining fragments are phagocytosed without any inflammatory reaction. The term apoptosis was first introduced in a paper in 1972 by Kerr, Wyllie, and Currie to describe a morphologically distinct type … Read more Apoptosis- definition, pathways, assay, examples (vs Necrosis)

15 differences between epithelial tissue and connective tissue

July 21, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Epithelial Tissue Definition Epithelial tissue is a type of animal tissue, consisting of closely aggregated polyhedral cells connected firmly to one another in the form of cellular sheets that line the interior of hollow organs and cover the body surface. Cells in epithelial tissue or epithelium (epithelia; plural) are arranged in continuous sheets, in either … Read more 15 differences between epithelial tissue and connective tissue

Neutrophils – Definition, structure, count, range, functions

July 3, 2020July 3, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Neutrophils Definition Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell with multi-lobed nuclei and stainable cytoplasmic granules. These are the most abundant granulocytes, occupying about 40-60% of the total number of white blood cells in the blood. Neutrophils, like all other blood cells, are formed from the stem cells in the bone marrow. After differentiation … Read more Neutrophils – Definition, structure, count, range, functions

Metaphase in Mitosis and Meiosis (Metaphase 1 and 2)

June 17, 2020June 17, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

Metaphase definition Metaphase is a stage of the cell cycle occurring in both mitosis and meiosis cell division processes. During metaphase in mitosis and meiosis, the chromosomes condense and they become visible and distinguishable during alignment at the center of the dividing cell, to form a metaphase plate at the center of the cell. In … Read more Metaphase in Mitosis and Meiosis (Metaphase 1 and 2)

Prophase in mitosis and meiosis (Prophase 1 and 2)

June 15, 2020June 15, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

Prophase Definition Prophase is the phase that follows the interphase and typically the first and longest phase in the cell cycle, for both mitosis and meiosis. It is the phase of DNA unwinding and chromatin condensation to make the chromosomes visible. What Happens in Prophase? During prophase, the separation of the DNA that was synthesized … Read more Prophase in mitosis and meiosis (Prophase 1 and 2)