Online microbiology and biology related notes by SAGAR ARYAL
Column Chromatography Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis. It is a separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture is caused to move in contact with a selectively absorbent stationary phase. There are a number … Read moreColumn Chromatography
Affinity Chromatography Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis. It is a separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture is caused to move in contact with a selectively absorbent stationary phase. Affinity chromatography is a … Read moreAffinity Chromatography
Phase-contrast Microscopy Unstained living cells absorb practically no light. Poor light absorption results in extremely small differences in the intensity distribution in the image. This makes the cells barely, or not at all, visible in a brightfield microscope. Phase-contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in … Read morePhase-contrast Microscopy
Gas Chromatography- Principle, Instrumentation, Procedure, Applications, Advantages, Limitations Gas chromatography differs from other forms of chromatography in that the mobile phase is a gas and the components are separated as vapours. It is thus used to separate and detect small molecular weight compounds in the gas phase. The sample is either a gas or a … Read moreGas Chromatography- Principle, Instrumentation, Procedure, Applications, Advantages, Limitations
Fluorescence Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation, Applications, Advantages, Limitations A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption to study properties of organic or inorganic substances. Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation while phosphorescence … Read moreFluorescence Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation, Applications, Advantages, Limitations
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) Electrophoresis through agarose or polyacrylamide gels is a standard method used to separate, identify and purify biopolymers, since both these gels are porous in nature. Polyacrylamide gels are chemically cross-linked gels formed by the polymerization of acrylamide with a cross-linking agent, usually N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide. The reaction is a free radical polymerization, usually … Read morePolyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)
Paper Chromatography Paper chromatography (PC) is a type of a planar chromatography whereby chromatography procedures are run on a specialized paper. PC is considered to be the simplest and most widely used of the chromatographic techniques because of its applicability to isolation, identification and quantitative determination of organic and inorganic compounds. It was first introduced … Read morePaper Chromatography
Compound Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications The term microscope can be split into two separate words, ‘micro’ and ‘scope’, where the term ‘micro’ means small or tiny, and ‘scope’ means to view or to observe. Therefore, a microscope can be understood as an instrument to observe tiny elements. The optical microscope, often referred to as the light microscope, is a type of microscope that uses visible light and … Read moreCompound Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications
Thin Layer Chromatography Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this physical method of separation, the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary (stationary phase) while the other (the mobile … Read moreThin Layer Chromatography
Spectrophotometer- Principle, Instrumentation, Applications A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample. Spectrophotometer techniques are mostly used to measure the concentration of solutes in solution by measuring the amount of the light that is absorbed by the solution in a cuvette placed in the spectrophotometer. Scientist Arnold J. … Read moreSpectrophotometer- Principle, Instrumentation, Applications