Sagar Aryal, PhD 
Structure of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) IgG Subclasses IgG1 It comprises 60 to 65% of the total main subclass IgG, and predominantly responsible for the thymus-mediated immune response against proteins and polypeptide … Read more
Hantavirus is a rodent-borne zoonotic virus that causes severe human illnesses, primarily hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Structure of Hantavirus Genome of Hantavirus Epidemiology and … Read more
In microbiology, the precise quantification of bacterial growth forms the basis for numerous areas of research – from basic research and pharmacology to food microbiology. While traditional measurement in cuvette … Read more
The National Testing Agency (NTA) has been conducting the NEET (UG) since 2019 with the approval of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, in … Read more
Real-Time PCR is a technique used to monitor the progress of a PCR reaction in real-time. At the same time, a relatively small amount of PCR product (DNA, cDNA or … Read more
What is McFarland Standards? McFarland Standards are used as the reference in order to adjust the turbidity of the liquid/ bacterial suspension in the vial or tube in the microbiology … Read more
On basis of Source/Origin Exogenous antigens: These are antigens which are foreign to host body hence are also called foreign antigens. These are antigens that enters the body of the organism … Read more
Biochemical Test of Streptococcus mutans Basic Characteristics Properties (Streptococcus mutans) Capsule Capsulated Catalase Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Alfa Hemolysis Motility Non-motile OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) Facultative anaerobes Oxidase Negative … Read more
Biochemical Test of Streptococcus agalactiae Basic Characteristics Properties (Streptococcus agalactiae) CAMP Positive (+ve) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) Flagella Non-flagellated Gram Staining Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Beta … Read more
Introduction A genus Streptococcus is a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria. Various streptococci are considered as the normal microbial flora of animals and humans, while some species under favorable conditions … Read more
