Sagar Aryal 
Lysosomes are membrane-bound, dense granular structures containing hydrolytic enzymes responsible mainly for intracellular and extracellular digestion. Structure of Lysosomes Lysosomal Enzymes For degradation of extra and intracellular material, lysosomes filled … Read more
Membrane Carbohydrate Types Carbohydrate groups are present only on the outer surface of the plasma membrane and are attached to proteins, forming glycoproteins, or lipids, forming glycolipids. Glycoproteins Glycolipids Proteoglycans Membrane Carbohydrate … Read more
The ribosome word is derived – ‘ribo’ from ribonucleic acid and ‘somes’ from the Greek word ‘soma’ which means ‘body’. Ribosomes are tiny spheroidal dense particles (of 150 to 200 A0 diameters) that are … Read more
Agglutination is an antigen-antibody reaction in which a particulate antigen combines with its antibody in the presence of electrolytes at a specified temperature and pH resulting in the formation of … Read more
The word chloroplast is derived from the Greek words chloros, which means green, and plastes, which means “the one who forms”. Chloroplasts are membrane-bound plastids that contain a network of membranes embedded into … Read more
The cell nucleus​ is a membrane-bound structure that contains the cell’s hereditary information and controls the cell’s growth and reproduction. It is the command center of a eukaryotic cell and is commonly … Read more
Heme Degradation is the degradation of heme into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, and then biliverdin reductase converts biliverdin to bilirubin. Location of Heme Degradation Various components of heme degradation occur … Read more
Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this physical method of separation, … Read more
Translation involves translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. It is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA. … Read more
There are more than one codon for one amino acid. This is called degeneracy of genetic code. To explain the possible cause of degeneracy of codons, in 1966, Francis Crick … Read more
