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Biochemistry

Biochemistry is a branch of science that deals with the structure, composition, and metabolism of biomolecules found in different living organisms.

  • Biochemistry is also termed ‘biological chemistry’ as it deals with the chemistry of life that utilizes techniques from analytical, inorganic, and organic chemistry.
  • Metabolic processes in living beings are composed of catabolic and anabolic processes. Both of these processes involve metabolic reactions involving biochemical compounds.
  • Biochemistry is also used in techniques that help to understand the interactions, metabolism, and functions of biomolecules.
  • Important biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acid, vitamins, etc. are essential structural and physiological components of living organisms.
  • The study of the biochemical composition of living beings is important as it helps to understand the molecular mechanisms of various biochemical phenomena like respiration, photosynthesis, fermentation, etc.
  • The findings of these studies, in turn, can be applied in industries, nutrition, medicine, and agriculture for different purposes.
  • The rate of biochemical reactions, enzymes, and the concentration of substrates and products give essential information about the organism.
  • Biochemical reactions form the basis of biochemical testing that is used for the identification and differentiation of microorganisms into different groups.
  • Results of studies involving different biochemical tests can be applied for the production of pharmaceutical products that selectively inhibit certain metabolic processes.
  • Techniques in biochemistry have been increasingly combined with techniques from other fields like agriculture, genetic, molecular biology, and biophysics.
  • Biochemistry also allows the understanding of nutritional requirements for different living organisms.
  • Biochemical compounds have been increasingly used even for the diagnosis of different diseases like diabetes.
  • The determination of the genetic composition of living beings is also a part of biochemistry which helps in genetic studies and diagnosis of genetic diseases.
  • Biochemical analysis of different biomolecules assists in the study relating to the origin and evolution of living beings.
  • An understanding of different biochemical processes helps to understand the complexity of different groups of living beings and their relationship with one another.

Membrane Proteins: Structure, Types, Functions

August 3, 2023August 3, 2023 by Prakriti Karki
Types of membrane proteins

Lipids and proteins are the major constituents of most plasma membranes which account for approximately 50-50% each by weight, with carbohydrate portion of glycolipids and glycoproteins comprising 5 to 10% … Read more

PCR- Definition, Principle, Enzymes, Steps, Types, Uses

August 3, 2023 by Prashant Dahal
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a nucleic acid amplification technique used to amplify the DNA or RNA in vitro enzymatically. It is a temperature-dependent enzymatic process where either a specific … Read more

Pyrimidine- Definition, Properties, Structure, Uses

August 3, 2023 by Prashant Dahal
Pyrimidine

Pyrimidine is a class of organic heterocyclic compounds containing 2 nitrogen atoms in their carbon ring. Pyrimidines are defined as polyunsaturated six-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing two nitrogen atoms at … Read more

RNA Sequencing- Definition, Principle, Steps, Types, Uses

August 4, 2023August 3, 2023 by Prashant Dahal
RNA Sequencing

RNA sequencing is the molecular technique used to identify the order of nucleotide bases (adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine) in an RNA molecule. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly developed … Read more

Alternative Splicing- Definition, Mechanism, Types, Uses

August 3, 2023August 3, 2023 by Shouri Kushal
Alternative Splicing

Alternative splicing is a regulated process where multiple proteins are encoded by a single gene via the joining and skipping of exons in different combinations. In humans, alternative splicing enhances … Read more

Introns- Definition, Structure, Functions, Classes, Splicing

August 3, 2023 by Aiman Fatima
Introns

Introns were discovered in 1977 when DNA sequencing was introduced. Introns were found in the protein-coding genes of adenovirus and then found in t-RNA, and ribosomal RNA genes. Introns were … Read more

Covalent Histone Modification- Definition, Types, Functions

September 9, 2023August 3, 2023 by Suchitra Ajjarapu
Covalent Histone Modification

The local alterations in chromatin structure facilitate the assembly of the transcription factors and the RNA polymerase holoenzyme at the site of the promoter. The two most important ways for … Read more

DNA Ligase- Definition, Structure, Types, Functions

August 3, 2023 by Babita Sharma
DNA Ligase

DNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ligation reaction, ligation is the process of joining various types of DNA fragments. DNA ligase joins the DNA molecule covalently by catalyzing … Read more

Fatty Acids- Definition, Classification, Types, Functions

August 3, 2023August 3, 2023 by Shouri Kushal
Fatty Acids

Fats are a type of simple lipids, which are esters of fatty acid and glycerol, and remain solid at room temperature.  A fatty acid is a component of lipids, which … Read more

Alpha-Actinin: Definition, Structure, Types, Functions

August 3, 2023 by Nidhi Dewangan
Alpha Actinin

Alpha-actinin is an actin-binding protein with F-actin (filamentous) binding activity but lacks G-actin (Globular) binding activity. They are ubiquitously present in the cytoskeleton of muscle (calcium insensitive) and non-muscle cells … Read more

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