Biochemistry

Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) of fatty acid

Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) of fatty acid

Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) of fatty acid Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) is a process of fatty acid metabolism in some species of animals. It is an alternative pathway to beta oxidation that, instead of involving the β carbon, involves the oxidation of the ω carbon (the carbon most distant from the carboxyl group of the fatty acid). The ω (omega)-carbon (the methyl carbon) of fatty acids is … Read moreOmega oxidation (ω-oxidation) of fatty acid

Lineweaver–Burk Plot

Lineweaver–Burk Plot

Lineweaver–Burk Plot Since, Vmax is achieved at infinite substrate concentration, it is impossible to estimate Vmax and hence Km from a hyperbolic plot. Because of this difficulty, the Michaelis–Menten equation was transformed into an equation for a straight line by Lineweaver and Burk. The Lineweaver–Burk plot (or double reciprocal plot) is a graphical representation of the Lineweaver–Burk equation … Read moreLineweaver–Burk Plot

Ethanol Metabolism

Ethanol Metabolism

Ethanol Metabolism Alcohol is metabolized by several processes or pathways. The most common of these pathways involves two enzymes—alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). These enzymes help break apart the alcohol molecule, making it possible to eliminate it from the body. First, ADH metabolizes alcohol to acetaldehyde, a highly toxic substance and known carcinogen. Then, … Read moreEthanol Metabolism

Brain Lipid Extraction Protocol

Brain Lipid Extraction Protocol

Brain Lipid Extraction Protocol “Brain lipid extracts” refers to a lipid mixture extracted from the brain tissue of animals. It has been found that such brain lipid extracts contain a mixture of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that have four or more double bonds and closely resemble the mixture of PUFAs found in human … Read moreBrain Lipid Extraction Protocol

Glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis Glycogen is the major storage form of carbohydrate in animals similar to starch in plants. It  is a homopolymer made up of repeated units of α- D glucose and each molecule is linked to another by 1→4 glycosidic bond which is a link connecting the 1st C atom of the active glucose residue to … Read moreGlycogenolysis

De novo pyrimidine synthesis

De novo pyrimidine synthesis

De novo pyrimidine synthesis Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides can occur by a de novo pathway or by the reutilization of preformed pyrimidine bases or ribonucleosides (salvage pathway). The pyrimidine synthesis is a similar process than that of purines. In the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, the ring is synthesized first and then it is attached to a ribose-phosphate to for a pyrimidine nucleotide. … Read moreDe novo pyrimidine synthesis

Alpha Oxidation

Alpha Oxidation

Alpha Oxidation Alpha – oxidation is defined as the oxidation of fatty acid (methyl group at beta carbon) with the removal of one carbon unit adjacent to the α-carbon from the carboxylic end. The carbon unit is removed in the form of CO2. Alpha oxidation occurs in those fatty acids that have a methyl group … Read moreAlpha Oxidation

 Glycogenesis

Glycogenesis

Glycogenesis Glycogen is the major storage form of carbohydrate in animals similar to starch in plants. It  is a homopolymer made up of repeated units of α- D glucose and each molecule is linked to another by 1→4 glycosidic bond which is a link connecting the 1st C atom of the active glucose residue to … Read more Glycogenesis

Enzyme Inhibition

Enzyme Inhibition Enzymes are the biological macromolecules, also called as biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of biochemical reactions without undergoing any change. It is a highly selective catalyst that greatly accelerates both the rate and specificity of metabolic reactions. Many types of molecule exist which are capable of interfering with the activity of an … Read moreEnzyme Inhibition

The Michaelis–Menten model

The Michaelis–Menten model

The Michaelis–Menten model A major role of proteins is to serve as enzymes, the catalysts of biochemical reactions. They do so by reducing the Gibbs free energy of activation, ΔG, making it easier for the reaction to reach its transition state. The rate (v) of many enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be described by the Michaelis–Menten equation. … Read moreThe Michaelis–Menten model