Biochemistry Notes | Page 2 of 6 | Online Microbiology Notes

Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats

January 2, 2020May 25, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the major nutrients the body needs for growth, repair, movement and maintaining tissue and organ function. These macromolecules are broken down and absorbed into the body at different rates and into specific forms as they travel through the organs in the digestive … Read more Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats

Heme Synthesis

January 12, 2020April 26, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Heme Synthesis Hemes are cyclic tetrapyrroles that contain iron and are commonly found as the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, myoglobin and the cytochromes. Location of Heme Synthesis Heme synthesis takes place in the cytosol and mitochondria of cells of the liver and bone marrow. Substrates: Succinyl A CoA; glycine; Fe2+ Product: Heme. Overview of the … Read more Heme Synthesis

Heme Degradation

January 6, 2020April 17, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Heme Degradation Hemes are cyclic tetrapyrroles that contain iron and are commonly found as the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, myoglobin and the cytochromes. This small-molecule component of globins, critical for oxygen transport among other functions undergo a complex process of metabolism and degradation. Roughly 80% of heme destined for degradation and excretion comes from senescent … Read more Heme Degradation

Membrane Carbohydrate

January 5, 2020April 11, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Membrane Carbohydrate Cell membranes are selective barriers that separate individual cells and cellular compartments. Membranes are assemblies of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids held together by binding forces. Carbohydrates are covalently linked to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids) and also an important part of cell membranes, and function as adhesion and address loci for cells. The Fluid Mosaic Model describes membranes as a … Read more Membrane Carbohydrate

Phosphoketolase (Heterolactic) Pathway

January 3, 2020April 5, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Phosphoketolase (Heterolactic) Pathway The phosphoketolase pathway is distinguished by the key cleavage enzyme, phosphoketolase. Phosphoketolase in the pathway cleaves pentose phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetyl phosphate which is the prime reaction of the pathway. As a fermentation pathway, it is employed mainly by the heterolactic acid bacteria which carry out heterolactic fermentation. Heterolactic fermentation is a type of lactic acid fermentation in which … Read more Phosphoketolase (Heterolactic) Pathway

Degradation and Deterioration

January 2, 2020February 27, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Degradation and Deterioration Nature has always provided, in considerable amounts and variety, polymeric materials with interesting compositions and structures. These natural polymers include polysaccharides, such as cellulose, chitin, starch, alginate, galactan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, and gellan, obtained from plants, animals, and microbial sources and polyesters, such as poly(b-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(b-hydroxybutyrate-co-b–hydroxyvalerate), produced by numerous bacteria. In biological … Read more Degradation and Deterioration

Protein Databases- Types and Importance

January 15, 2020February 7, 2019 by Sagar Aryal

Protein Databases- Types and Importance As biology has increasingly turned into a data-rich science, the need for storing and communicating large datasets has grown tremendously. The obvious examples are the nucleotide sequences, the protein sequences, and the 3D structural data produced by X-ray crystallography and macromolecular NMR. The biological information of proteins is available as sequences … Read more Protein Databases- Types and Importance

Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) of fatty acid

January 1, 2020December 20, 2018 by Sagar Aryal

Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) of fatty acid Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) is a process of fatty acid metabolism in some species of animals. It is an alternative pathway to beta oxidation that, instead of involving the β carbon, involves the oxidation of the ω carbon (the carbon most distant from the carboxyl group of the fatty acid). The ω (omega)-carbon (the methyl carbon) of fatty acids is … Read more Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) of fatty acid

Lineweaver–Burk Plot

January 6, 2020November 30, 2018 by Sagar Aryal

Lineweaver–Burk Plot Since, Vmax is achieved at infinite substrate concentration, it is impossible to estimate Vmax and hence Km from a hyperbolic plot. Because of this difficulty, the Michaelis–Menten equation was transformed into an equation for a straight line by Lineweaver and Burk. The Lineweaver–Burk plot (or double reciprocal plot) is a graphical representation of the Lineweaver–Burk equation … Read more Lineweaver–Burk Plot