Uronic Acid Pathway

URONIC ACID PATHWAY

Uronic acids are a class of sugar acids with both carbonyl and carboxylic acid functional groups. They are sugars in which the terminal carbon’s hydroxyl group has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Oxidation of the terminal aldehyde instead … Read more

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative Phosphorylation and ETC

The NADH and FADH2, formed during glycolysis, β-oxidation of fatty acids and the TCA cycle, give up their electrons to reduce molecular O2 to H2O. Electron transfer occurs through a … Read more

Beta-oxidation of Fatty Acid

Beta-oxidation of Fatty Acid

Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle while NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes, are used in … Read more

Enzyme Inhibition

Enzymes are the biological macromolecules, also called as biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of biochemical reactions without undergoing any change. It is a highly selective catalyst that greatly accelerates … Read more

Purine Synthesis

Purine Synthesis

There are two pathways of synthesis of purine nucleotides: De Novo synthesis pathway, and Salvage pathway. The De novo synthesis of Purine The de novo synthesis of purine nucleotide means … Read more

Cholesterol structure and synthesis

Cholesterol Synthesis

Cholesterol Structure Figure: Cholesterol Structure Although cholesterol is synthesized in most tissues of the body where it serves as a component of cell membranes, it is produced mainly in the … Read more

The Wobble Hypothesis

The Wobble Hypothesis

The Wobble Hypothesis The wobble hypothesis states that the base at 5′ end of the anticodon is not spatially confined as the other two bases allowing it to form hydrogen … Read more

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

The pentose phosphate pathway is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis which generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate. The pentose phosphate pathway is also called as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt. While it involves oxidation of glucose, its primary role … Read more