Pyruvate Broth Test Objectives To determine the ability of an organism to utilize pyruvate. It aids in the differentiation between Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Principle In the identification of microorganisms, the widely used method is the ability of bacteria to form organic compounds by metabolizing certain carbohydrates and related compounds. Pyruvate broth is a carbohydrate-free, … Read more Pyruvate Broth Test
Objectives To determine the ability of the organism to reduce sulfur for the production of hydrogen sulfide. To differentiate members of Enterobacteriaceae, especially the sulfur-reducing Salmonella and Proteus from the non-reducing Morganella morganii and Providencia rettgeri. Principle The Sulfur Reduction Test is performed using the SIM medium. SIM medium also tests for indole production and … Read more Sulfur Reduction Test
Salt Tolerance Test Objectives To determine the ability of an organism to grow in high concentrations of salt. It is used for the differentiation of Enterococci from Non-Enterococci. Principle Salt acts as a selective agent and interferes with membrane permeability and osmotic equilibrium. The salt tolerance medium is a selective and differential medium in which … Read more Salt Tolerance Test
Kligler Iron Agar Test Objective To differentiate the enteric gram-negative bacilli based on the production of hydrogen sulfide and fermentation of dextrose and lactose. Principle Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) test is used in differentiating certain members of the Enterobacteriaceae by demonstrating hydrogen sulfide production and the fermentation of dextrose and lactose. Kligler agar used for … Read more Kligler Iron Agar Test
Biochemical Test of Burkholderia cepacia a: Burkholderia cepacia ATCC (Image Source: ATCC) b: Burkholderia cepacia (Image Source: Rapid Microbiology) c: Burkholderia cepacia (Image Source: OMICS International) d: Burkholderia cepacia complex from respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis (Image Source: Thermo Scientific) e: Scanning Electron Micrograph of Burkholderia cepacia (Image Source: Wikipedia) f: Burkholderia cepacia … Read more Biochemical Test of Burkholderia cepacia
Biochemical Test of Klebsiella granulomatis Image: Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) in a conventional Pap test. A: Granulomatous inflammation is shown with epithelioid histiocytes and lymphocytes. B: The organisms (Donovan bodies) can be seen in thin-walled intracytoplasmic vacuoles (circle ). (Pap stain, Mag ×200 in a and ×400 in b). C: Macrophages show numerous safety pin-shaped structures … Read more Biochemical Test of Klebsiella granulomatis
Biochemical Test of Haemophilus parainfluenzae Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Haemophilus parainfluenzae) Capsule Variable Catalase Variable Gas Variable Gram Staining Gram-negative (-ve) H2S Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Indole Variable Motility Negative (-ve) Nitrate Reduction Positive (+ve) Nitrite Reduction Positive (+ve) Oxidase Positive (+ve) Shape Small, pleomorphic rods, usually with … Read more Biochemical Test of Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Biochemical Test of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Image Source: New York State Health Department Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Flagella Negative (-ve) Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Faintly stained Gram-negative H2S (in cysteine-supplemented medium) Positive (+ve) … Read more Biochemical Test of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis
Biochemical Test of Burkholderia pseudomallei Image Source: University of Cambridge Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Burkholderia pseudomallei) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Gram-negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Motility Positive (+ve) Nitrate … Read more Biochemical Test of Burkholderia pseudomallei
Biochemical Test of Enterobacter aerogenes Image Source: MicrobeWiki and Getty Images. Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Enterobacter aerogenes) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Gram-negative H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Motility Positive (+ve) MR … Read more Biochemical Test of Enterobacter aerogenes
Biochemical Test of Clostridium botulinum (Type A and proteolytic strains of types B and F) Basic Characteristics Properties (Clostridium botulinum) Ammonia Production Positive (+ve) 20% Bile Negative (-ve) Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Flagella Peritrichous Gelatin Hydrolysis Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Gram-positive H2S Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Positive (+ve). β-hemolytic Indole Negative (-ve) Milk Digestion … Read more Biochemical Test of Clostridium botulinum
Biochemical Test of Enterococcus faecalis Basic Characteristics Properties (Enterococcus faecalis ) Bile Resistance Resistance to 40% (v/v) bile Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Flagella Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Variable Gram Staining Gram-positive H2S Negative (-ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Motility Negative (-ve) 6.5% NaCl Positive (+ve) OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) Fermentative … Read more Biochemical Test of Enterococcus faecalis
Biochemical Test of Hafnia alvei Basic Characteristics Properties (Hafnia alvei) Capsule Non-Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Flagellated Gas from Glucose Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Positive (+ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Motility Motile MR (Methyl Red) Variable Nitrate Reduction Positive (+ve) OF … Read more Biochemical Test of Hafnia alvei
Biochemical Test of Escherichia coli (E. coli) Basic Characteristics Properties (E. coli) Capsule Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) Flagella Flagellated Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Indole Positive (+ve) Motility Motile MR (Methyl Red) … Read more Biochemical Test of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Biochemical Test of Enterobacter cloacae Basic Characteristics Properties (Enterobacter cloacae) Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas from glucose Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Positive (+ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Negative (-ve) Motility Motile MR (Methyl Red) Negative (-ve) Nitrate Reduction … Read more Biochemical Test of Enterobacter cloacae
