Immunology

Active Immunization- Advantages and Drawbacks

Active Immunization- Advantages and Drawbacks

Immunization is the process whereby a person naturally acquires or is induced to acquire immunity or resistance to an infectious disease. An individual can acquire such immunity either passively or actively and thus immunization may be active or passive immunization. In active immunization, the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against a particular infectious agent and … Read moreActive Immunization- Advantages and Drawbacks

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)- Structure, Subclasses and Functions

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)- Structure, Subclasses and Functions

Antibodies, or ‘immunoglobulins’, are glycoproteins that bind antigens with high specificity and affinity. In humans there are five chemically and physically distinct classes of antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE). Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant type of antibody, is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections. It represents approximately … Read moreImmunoglobulin G (IgG)- Structure, Subclasses and Functions

Spleen- Structure and Functions

Spleen- Structure and Functions

The spleen is a large, encapsulated, bean-shaped organ that is situated on the left side of the body below the diaphragm. The spleen contains T and B lymphocytes as well as many phagocytes and is a major component of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Although the structure resembles that of the large lymph nodes, the spleen … Read moreSpleen- Structure and Functions

Hypersensitivity Type I, II, III and IV in one table

Hypersensitivity Type I, II, III and IV in one table

Hypersensitivity Type I, II, III and IV in one table Here is the comparison table: S.N. Character Type I Type II Type III Type IV 1. Alternative Name Allergic hypersensitivity Cytotoxic hypersensitivity Immune complex hypersensitivity Cell mediated hypersensitivity/ Delayed type of hypersensitivity 2. Principle Antibody mediated degranulation of granulocytes leading to destruction of cells. Antibody … Read moreHypersensitivity Type I, II, III and IV in one table

Differences between Serum and Plasma

Differences between Serum and Plasma

Differences between Serum and Plasma S.N. Characteristics Serum Plasma 1. Definition The clear yellow fluid separated when blood is allowed to clot freely. Yellowish and slight alkaline fluid, in which blood cells float. 2. Clotting factors It is the watery fluid from blood without the clotting factors. It is the blood fluid that contains blood … Read moreDifferences between Serum and Plasma

Differences between Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity

Differences between Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity

Differences between Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity Some of the differences are: S.N. Characteristics Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity 1. Synonyms Nonspecific, natural immunity Specific, acquired immunity 2. Definition The defense mechanisms that are non-antigen specific and immediately come into play on the antigen’s appearance in the body.  The defense mechanism that is not always present … Read moreDifferences between Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity

Differences between Cytokines and Chemokines

Differences between Cytokines and Chemokines

Differences between Cytokines and Chemokines Here are some differences: S.N. Characteristics Cytokines Chemokines 1. Definition Small proteins produced dominantly by immune cells which are important in cell signaling. Specific cytokines that are specially adapted for chemotaxis of cells. 2. Description A broad family of chemical messengers serving to bring about immune response. They are chemotactic … Read moreDifferences between Cytokines and Chemokines

Differences between Active Immunity and Passive Immunity

Differences between Active Immunity and Passive Immunity

Differences between Active Immunity and Passive Immunity S.N. Characteristics Active Immunity Passive Immunity 1. Definition The protective immunity in which the individual’s own immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies and lymphocytes. The immunity in which a person receives antibodies or lymphocytes that have been produced by another individual’s immune system. 2. Exposure to Antigen Requires exposure to a … Read moreDifferences between Active Immunity and Passive Immunity

Differences between Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated Immunity

Differences between Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated Immunity

Differences between Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated Immunity Here are some differences: S.N. Characteristics Humoral Immunity Cell mediated Immunity 1. Definition The immunity mediated by macromolecules found in the extracellular body fluids is called humoral immunity. (“humor” a medieval term for body fluid) The immunity that identifies and destroys infected cells in the body is … Read moreDifferences between Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated Immunity

Differences between RBC and WBC

Differences between RBCs and WBCs

Differences between RBC and WBC S.N. Characteristics Red Blood Cells (RBCs) White Blood Cells (WBCs) 1. Alternative Name Erythrocytes Leucocytes 2. Origin In the embryonic phase, they are formed in the liver and spleen. However, after birth, they are formed in red bone marrow. They are formed in red bone marrow,  lymph nodes, spleen, etc … Read moreDifferences between RBC and WBC