Protocol of chloroplast isolation
The chloroplast is an important organelle found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis. It is enclosed by a pair of closely spaced membranes, the double-membrane envelope, consisting of the inner … Read more
Sagar Aryal
Protocol: Phenol-chloroform extraction of prokaryotic DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction is the process by which DNA is separated from proteins, membranes, and other cellular material contained in the cell from which it is recovered. The simplest … Read more
Rapid Method for Enumeration of E. coli Biotype I
This method is modified by Anderson and Parker. Prepare serial tenfold dilutions in peptone water of food. Aseptically transfer sterile cellulose acetate membranes to the surface or dried glutamate agar. … Read more
Mitosis vs. Meiosis: 32 Major Key Differences
Here are some of the differences between Mitosis and Meiosis S.N. Character Mitosis Meiosis 1. Alternate Name Equational Division Reduction Division 2. Discovered by Walther Flemming Oscar Hertwig 3. … Read more
Mendel’s 3 Laws (Segregation, Independent Assortment, Dominance)
Mendel’s Experiment Mendel carried out breeding experiments in his monastery’s garden to test inheritance patterns. He selectively cross-bred common pea plants (Pisum sativum) with selected traits over several generations. After crossing … Read more
Oxygen Release in Photosynthesis Protocol
Photosynthesis is the biological process that converts sunlight into chemical energy. It is employed by plants, algae and certain bacteria. It provides the basis for life on Earth and is … Read more
Nitrogen Cycle- Definition, Steps, Process, Significance
The movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere in different forms is called the nitrogen cycle and is one of the major biogeochemical cycles. Steps of Nitrogen Cycle 1. Nitrogen Fixation The first stage … Read more
Questionnaires and Schedules
The research process is incomplete without the collection of data, which starts after the identification of the research problems and chalking out research design. There are several methods involved in … Read more
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio Data
Depending on the measurements, there are four different types of data that can be achieved. These different types of data are nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio data. These different variances … Read more
Data and its types
Data is a set of values of subjects with respect to qualitative or quantitative variables. Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed. Data can be something simple … Read more