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Sagar Aryal, PhD

Dr. Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist, researcher, and science communicator from Nepal. He is also co-founder and Research Head of the Department of Natural Products at the Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), where he leads research on natural product discovery and microbial biodiversity. Dr. Aryal earned his Ph.D. in Microbiology from Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, in 2025, supported by a DAAD Research Grant and a University Grants Commission (UGC) Nepal Ph.D. Fellowship. His research interests include Actinomycetes, Myxobacteria, microbial taxonomy, and natural products, particularly the discovery of bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. He isolated and identified Nocardia nepalensis, a novel bacterial species from Nepal, contributing to understanding microbial diversity in the region. Dr. Aryal has published more than 16 research articles in international journals and contributed three book chapters to established academic publications. He has presented scientific research findings and developed international research collaborations through visits to more than 18 countries across Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. From 2023 to 2025, he served as the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Young Ambassador to Nepal. Since December 2025, he has served as an Editorial Board Member of Scientific Reports, a Nature Portfolio journal. In recognition of his scientific contributions, Dr. Aryal received the NAST Science and Technology Youth Award 2025 from the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology. He previously received the Frs. Locke and Stiller Research Award (LSRA) for the 2017-2018 cycle from St. Xavier's College, Kathmandu, and a Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Research Grant for 2017-2018. Alongside his scientific career, Dr. Aryal has more than 15 years of experience in blogging, content writing, and search engine optimization (SEO).

Cambridge AS and A Level Biology 9700 Syllabus 2025-2027

July 4, 2026May 28, 2026 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
Cambridge AS and A Level Biology Syllabus

Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology develops a set of transferable skills, including data handling, practical problem-solving, and the application of the scientific method. Learners develop relevant attitudes, such … Read more

Classification of Bacteria on the basis of Nutrition

May 28, 2026May 23, 2026 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
Classification of Bacteria on the basis of Nutrition

Nutritional Types of Bacteria On the basis of energy source, organisms are designated as: Phototrophs: Chemotrophs: On the basis of the electron source, organisms are designated as: Lithotrophs:  Organotrophs:  Thus, … Read more

Immunoglobulin G (IgG): Structure, Subclasses and Functions

May 10, 2026May 9, 2026 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Structure of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) IgG Subclasses IgG1 It comprises 60 to 65% of the total main subclass IgG, and predominantly responsible for the thymus-mediated immune response against proteins and polypeptide … Read more

Hantavirus: Structure, Replication, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention

May 10, 2026May 8, 2026 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
Hantavirus Overview

Hantavirus is a rodent-borne zoonotic virus that causes severe human illnesses, primarily hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Structure of Hantavirus Genome of Hantavirus Epidemiology and … Read more

Optimisation of bacterial growth analysis through microplate readers

January 21, 2026January 2, 2026 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
Optimisation of bacterial growth analysis through microplate readers

In microbiology, the precise quantification of bacterial growth forms the basis for numerous areas of research – from basic research and pharmacology to food microbiology. While traditional measurement in cuvette … Read more

Brain Lipid Extraction: Principle, Procedure, Results

October 20, 2026December 31, 2025 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
Brain Lipid Extraction Protocol

Principle of Brain Lipid Extraction The lipids from brain are generally extracted by a mixture of chloroform and methanol, by methods that are variations of one originally described by Folch … Read more

NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 with Study Notes

December 29, 2025December 23, 2025 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
NEET Biology Syllabus

The National Testing Agency (NTA) has been conducting the NEET (UG) since 2019 with the approval of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, in … Read more

Real-Time PCR (qPCR): Principle, Process, Markers, Uses

September 2, 2025August 14, 2025 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
Real Time PCR- Principle, Process, Markers, Advantages, Uses

Real-Time PCR is a technique used to monitor the progress of a PCR reaction in real-time. At the same time, a relatively small amount of PCR product (DNA, cDNA or … Read more

McFarland Standards: Principle, Preparation, Uses, Limitations

August 8, 2025August 4, 2025 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
McFarland Standards- Principle, Preparation, Uses, Limitations

What is McFarland Standards? McFarland Standards are used as the reference in order to adjust the turbidity of the liquid/ bacterial suspension in the vial or tube in the microbiology … Read more

Chloroplast Isolation: Principle, Procedure, Results

October 20, 2026August 3, 2025 by Sagar Aryal, PhD
Protocol of chloroplast isolation

Principle of Chloroplast Isolation In chloroplast isolation method, first the cell wall is broken mechanically using a blender or homogenizer and then subjected to filtration to remove the unbroken leaf … Read more

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