Basic Microbiology Notes | Page 2 of 7

Chemical methods of sterilization- Gaseous and Liquid

May 23, 2020May 17, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

What is Chemical Sterilization? Chemical Sterilization is the process of removal of microorganisms by the use of chemical bactericidal agents. Even if physical methods of sterilization are more appropriate for effective sterilization, it is not always appropriate to use for heat-sensitive materials like plastics, fiber optics, and biological specimens. Under such conditions, chemical either in liquid or gaseous state can …

Physical methods of sterilization- Heat, Filtration, Radiation

May 23, 2020May 11, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

What is Sterilization? Sterilization is the complete removal of microorganisms from an object or surfaces. Sterilization is obtained when microorganisms are subjected to antimicrobial agents for sufficient time and at optimum conditions. Figure: Physical methods of sterilization. Image created using biorender.com Some physical methods associated with sterilization are explained below: Heat Sterilization Heat sterilization is the most effective and widely …

Bacterial Sizes, Shapes and Arrangement with Examples

May 23, 2020May 9, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

Bacteria are a type of biological cell that is prokaryotic and unicellular. Due to the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, these are simpler than other types of living organisms. Although only some of them can be seen by naked eyes while the rest are microscopic, they display a wide range of shape, size, and structure. Bacterial Size Figure: The relative …

McFarland Standards- Principle, Preparation, Uses, Limitations

May 5, 2020May 5, 2020 by Sagar Aryal

What is McFarland Standards? McFarland Standards are used as the reference in order to adjust the turbidity of the liquid/ bacterial suspension in the vial or tube in the microbiology laboratory. It helps to maintain and/or ensure that the number of bacteria will be within a given range to standardize microbial testing. The McFarland standard can be prepared of the …

Instruments used in Microbiology Lab with Principle and Uses

June 17, 2020May 2, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

The instruments used in the microbiology labs include a bunch of different kinds of instruments required for a lot of different processes conducted within those laboratories. Figure: Instruments used in Microbiology Lab with Principle and Uses. Image created with biorender.com 1. Analytical Balance An analytical balance is a type of balance that is commonly used for the measurement of mass …

Types of PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) – definition and uses

May 23, 2020April 20, 2020 by Anupama Sapkota

List of Types of PCR Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) PCR Allele-specific PCR Alu PCR Assembly PCR Asymmetric PCR COLD PCR Colony PCR Conventional PCR Digital PCR (dPCR) Fast-cycling PCR High-fidelity PCR High-Resolution Melt (HRM) PCR Hot-start PCR In situ PCR Intersequence-specific (ISSR) PCR Inverse PCR LATE (linear after the exponential) PCR Ligation-mediated PCR Long-range PCR Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) Miniprimer …

What is Sensitivity, Specificity, False positive, False negative?

April 18, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

These are terms that are fundamental to understanding the utility of clinical tests. They are the most essential variables when designing diagnostic tests, in determining how reliable the tests are and also how reliable the results obtained from the results are. When using known samples of a disease, sensitivity and specificity variables can be calculated for evaluation of the test …

Parts of a microscope with functions and labeled diagram

April 9, 2020March 3, 2020 by Faith Mokobi

Overview of microscope Having been constructed in the 16th Century, Microscopes have revolutionalized science with their ability to magnify small objects such as microbial cells, producing images with definitive structures that are identifiable and characterizable. So, what are microscopes? Microscopes are instruments that are used in science laboratories, to visualize very minute objects such as cells, microorganisms, giving a contrasting …

Top 10 Microbiology Journals with Impact Factor (updated 2019)

July 4, 2020February 11, 2020 by Sagar Aryal

Top 10 Microbiology Journals with Impact Factor (Updated 2020)

Top 10 Microbiology Journals with Impact Factor (updated 2019) Source of Ranking: Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics) Journal Logo Source: Respective Journals Website. Disclaimer: Logos and informations are only used for educational purposes. If there are any copyright issues regarding the logo and information of the journal, please email us at [email protected] 1. Nature Reviews Microbiology Nature Reviews Microbiology Impact …

30 Differences between DNA and RNA (DNA vs RNA)

July 8, 2020February 4, 2020 by Sagar Aryal

Differences between DNA and RNA (DNA vs RNA) Some of the differences are: S.N. Character DNA RNA 1. Full form Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid 2. Location DNA is found in the nucleus, with a small amount of DNA also present in mitochondria. RNA forms in the nucleolus, and then moves to specialized regions of the cytoplasm depending on …