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Basic Microbiology

Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with microscopic organisms and their interaction with other microscopic and macroscopic organisms.

  • Microorganisms are tiny microscopic organisms that are too small to be seen with naked eyes and thus, can only be seen with a microscope. Microorganisms include microscopic organisms like bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses.
  • Basic microscopy deals with a diverse group of studies that help in research related to the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution, and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents.
  • Microbiology also deals with the structure, function, classification of such organisms, along with exploiting and controlling their activities.
  • The concept of microbiology began with the discovery of the microscope by Anton Von Leeuwenhoek.
  • On the one hand, microbes are used for their unique features which allow the production of antibiotics, amino acids, hormones, and other therapeutic compounds, and also the production of food and food-related products.
  • Microorganisms are also involved in the decomposition of components such as lignocellulosic biomass for second-generation ethanol or biogas.
  • Similarly, certain genetic features and biochemical abilities of microorganisms make them dangerous for industry (food spoilage) as well as human health.
  • Microbiology, initially, was only associated with pathogenic microorganisms that result in different forms of diseases in different groups of living beings.
  • With the establishment of microbiology as a discipline, the application of microorganisms in different areas has also increased.
  • The use of microorganisms in food and pharmaceuticals has given rise to the branching of microbiology into further disciplines and studies.
  • Thus, over the years, the branch has been classified into further groups like agriculture microbiology, food microbiology, pharmaceutical microbiology, systemic microbiology, etc.
  • The studies in microbiology have also increased due to the use of microorganisms in different researches as these are easy to manipulate and reproduce when compared to other living organisms.
  • Studies in microbiology are essential for the discovery of new and advanced methods for the discovery of emerging microorganisms and associated diseases and applications.
  • Microbiology also deals with techniques for the identification of these microorganisms, their classification, and the life cycle.
  • All of this allows for a better understanding of microorganisms and their role in maintaining the ecosystem.
  • Microbiology and microorganisms can be applied for the formation of new genetically engineered microorganisms by a process like genetic recombination.
  • Besides, different microorganisms have found their application in the production of food, industrial products, and antibiotics.

Cilia vs Flagella- Definition and 19 Major Differences

January 26, 2022January 15, 2022 by Sagar Aryal
Differences between cilia and flagella

Cilia and flagella are cytoplasmic processes extending from the cell surface. The cell organelles are similar but are differentiated based on their size, number, function and/or mode of beating. Here are the key … Read more

Bacteria vs Fungi- Definition, 21 Major Differences, Examples

May 4, 2022January 13, 2022 by Anupama Sapkota
Differences between Bacteria and Fungi (Bacteria vs Fungi)

Bacteria Definition Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms that are characterized by the presence of incipient nucleus and few membrane-less cell organelles. Bacteria are diverse in shape, size, and color, and … Read more

Meningitis vs Encephalitis- Definition and 17 Differences

January 26, 2022January 13, 2022 by Sagar Aryal
Differences between Meningitis and Encephalitis

Differences between Meningitis and Encephalitis Meningitis and Encephalitis are the two main kinds of neurological conditions related to the brain and spinal cord, where the layer surrounding the brain or the brain itself … Read more

Archaea vs Bacteria- Definition, 15 Major Differences, Examples

May 2, 2022January 12, 2022 by Anupama Sapkota
Differences between Archaea and Bacteria (Archaea vs Bacteria)

Image Source: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Created using biorender.com. Archaea Definition Archaea is a group of primitive prokaryotes that based on their distinct characteristics form a separate domain from bacteria and … Read more

Gram-Positive vs Gram-Negative Bacteria- 31 Differences with Examples

January 10, 2022January 9, 2022 by Sagar Aryal
Differences Between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

  Gram Positive vs Gram Negative Bacteria (31 Major Differences) S.N. Character Gram-Positive Bacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria 1. Gram Reaction Retain crystal violet dye and stain blue or purple on Gram’s … Read more

DNA vs RNA- Definition and 30 Key Differences

January 26, 2022January 4, 2022 by Sagar Aryal
Differences between DNA and RNA

Differences between DNA and RNA (DNA vs RNA) Some of the differences are: S.N. Character DNA RNA 1.       Full form Deoxyribonucleic Acid  Ribonucleic Acid 2.       Location DNA is … Read more

O antigen and H antigen- Definition and 21 Key Differences

January 26, 2022January 2, 2022 by Sagar Aryal
Differences between O Antigen and H Antigen

Difference between O Antigen and H Antigen The surface structures of bacteria have considerable antigenic heterogeneity. Often these antigens are used as part of a serologic classification system for the … Read more

Peptone Water- Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses

January 8, 2022January 1, 2022 by Sagar Aryal
Peptone Water

Peptone Water is formulated as per Shread, Donovan, and Lee. It is a broth medium used for the growth of the organism and a base for determining carbohydrate fermentation patterns … Read more

Bacteria vs Virus- 28 Major Differences with Examples

December 15, 2021December 3, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Differences Between Bacteria and Virus

Some of the differences between bacteria and virus are as follows: S.N. Character Bacteria Virus 1. Cell type Prokaryotic cells Acellular 2. Number of cells Single-celled No cell 3. Size … Read more

18 Instruments used in Microbiology Lab with Principle and Uses

December 2, 2021December 2, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Instruments used in Microbiology Lab with Principle and Uses

The instruments used in the microbiology labs include a bunch of different kinds of instruments required for a lot of different processes conducted within those laboratories. Figure: Instruments used in … Read more

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