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Sandeep Shakya

Sandeep Shakya is a biotechnology undergraduate student at Kathmandu University with academic training in microbiology, molecular biology, bioprocess engineering, and bioinformatics. His coursework and laboratory experience span bacterial and fungal culturing, biochemical testing, antimicrobial assays, PCR, gel electrophoresis, ELISA, rDNA technology, animal cell culture, plant tissue culture, and fermentation technology. Sandeep has participated in national and international research initiatives, including the Water and Food Security Biodiversity Innovative Challenge organized at Wageningen University, Netherlands, where his team secured second place among participating universities. His academic projects include water quality analysis using spectrometric techniques and applied laboratory investigations across environmental and medical biotechnology. In addition to laboratory science, he has experience in scientific design and communication, serving as a designer for his department’s magazine and leading bulletin board initiatives. He also holds Japanese language proficiency certification and demonstrates strong multilingual communication skills. Through Microbe Notes, Sandeep contributes structured, concept focused articles in microbiology and biotechnology, helping students understand laboratory techniques, molecular methods, and applied biological sciences in a clear and practical manner.

Protein Extraction from Bacterial Cells: Principle, Steps, Applications

July 19, 2026July 3, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Protein extraction from bacterial cells

Protein extraction from bacterial cells is a fundamental step in molecular biology, biotechnology, and proteomics research. The process involves disrupting the bacterial cell envelope to release intracellular proteins into a … Read more

Paper-Based Method of DNA Extraction: Principle, Steps, Uses

July 18, 2026July 1, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Paper-Based Method of DNA Extraction

Paper-based DNA extraction is an innovative solid-phase approach that utilizes porous paper matrices, primarily cellulose or cellulose-derived substrates, to isolate nucleic acids from biological samples. Unlike conventional extraction methods that … Read more

Phenol-Chloroform Method of DNA Extraction: Principle, Steps, Applications

July 17, 2026June 30, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Phenol-Chloroform Method of DNA Extraction

The phenol-chloroform method of DNA extraction is the technique that separates nucleic acids from proteins and other cellular components by exploiting their different solubilities in water and organic solvents. After … Read more

Spin Column-Based Method of DNA Extraction: Principle, Steps, Uses

July 17, 2026June 29, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Spin Column-Based Method of DNA Extraction

The spin column-based method is a commonly used DNA extraction technique in molecular biology laboratories. The Spin Column-Based Method of DNA Extraction works by allowing DNA to bind selectively to … Read more

Salting-Out Method of DNA Extraction: Principle, Steps, Uses

July 11, 2026June 28, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Salting-Out Method of DNA Extraction

The salting-out method of DNA Extraction is a simple and widely used technique for extracting genomic DNA from various cell types, including blood cells and tissue samples. Instead of relying … Read more

Chelex Method of DNA Extraction: Principle, Steps, Uses

July 10, 2026June 27, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Chelex Method of DNA Extraction

The Chelex method of DNA extraction is a rapid, simple, and cost-effective technique primarily developed to obtain PCR-ready DNA from biological samples. First introduced for forensic applications by Walsh et … Read more

DNA Quantification Using Nanodrop: Principle, Steps, Uses

July 11, 2026June 26, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
DNA Quantification Using Nanodrop

DNA quantification is a fundamental step in molecular biology, ensuring that downstream applications such as PCR, qPCR, sequencing, cloning, and restriction digestion are performed with optimal template input. Among the … Read more

Boiling Method of DNA Extraction: Principle, Steps, Applications

July 12, 2026June 25, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Boiling Method of DNA Extraction

The boiling method of DNA extraction is one of the simplest, fastest, and most cost-effective procedures for isolating nucleic acids from biological samples. Unlike conventional chemical extraction methods, such as … Read more

cDNA Synthesis from RNA: Principle, Steps, Uses

July 18, 2026June 24, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
cDNA synthesis from RNA

The principle of cDNA synthesis revolves around using a DNA polymerase that can interpret an RNA template to generate a complementary DNA strand. Reverse transcriptase catalyzes the addition of deoxynucleotide … Read more

DNA Quantification Using a Spectrophotometer: Principle, Steps, Uses

July 11, 2026June 23, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
DNA Quantification Using a Spectrophotometer

Accurate quantification of DNA is a fundamental requirement in molecular biology, biotechnology, and biomedical research. Many downstream applications, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction digestion, cloning, sequencing, and next-generation … Read more

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