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Sandeep Shakya

Sandeep Shakya is a biotechnology undergraduate student at Kathmandu University with academic training in microbiology, molecular biology, bioprocess engineering, and bioinformatics. His coursework and laboratory experience span bacterial and fungal culturing, biochemical testing, antimicrobial assays, PCR, gel electrophoresis, ELISA, rDNA technology, animal cell culture, plant tissue culture, and fermentation technology. Sandeep has participated in national and international research initiatives, including the Water and Food Security Biodiversity Innovative Challenge organized at Wageningen University, Netherlands, where his team secured second place among participating universities. His academic projects include water quality analysis using spectrometric techniques and applied laboratory investigations across environmental and medical biotechnology. In addition to laboratory science, he has experience in scientific design and communication, serving as a designer for his department’s magazine and leading bulletin board initiatives. He also holds Japanese language proficiency certification and demonstrates strong multilingual communication skills. Through Microbe Notes, Sandeep contributes structured, concept focused articles in microbiology and biotechnology, helping students understand laboratory techniques, molecular methods, and applied biological sciences in a clear and practical manner.

9 Essential and 11 Non-Essential Amino Acids with Structure and Functions

October 20, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
9 Essential and 11 Non-Essential Amino Acids with Structure.

In addition to being the building blocks of protein, amino acids play many roles in human health. They help to support immunity, play a role in metabolism, aid in the … Read more

Optogenetics: Definition, Principle, Mechanism, Types, Applications

October 10, 2026October 8, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Optogenetics

The billions of neurons in the brain are connected with one another, and these connections are regulated by precise timing of electrical and chemical signals that influence behavior, memory and … Read more

Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE): Principle, Types, Methods, Applications

October 18, 2026October 4, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE)

What if microorganisms could be induced to acquire or lose desirable properties without scientists being able to foresee all the changes in their genes that would cause this? This is … Read more

SDS-based DNA Extraction: Principle, Protocol, Steps, Uses

October 5, 2026October 2, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Method of SDS-based DNA Extraction

The sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-based method of DNA extraction is one of the most fundamental and widely adopted approaches for isolating genomic DNA from a broad range of biological materials. … Read more

Plasmid DNA Isolation (Alkaline Lysis Method): Principle, Protocol, Steps, Uses

October 5, 2026October 1, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Plasmid DNA Isolation (Alkaline Lysis Method)

The alkaline lysis method is one of the most widely used techniques for isolating plasmid DNA from bacterial cells, particularly Escherichia coli. Originally developed by Birnboim and Doly in 1979, … Read more

DNA Isolation from Plant Tissues: Principle, Steps, Applications

September 30, 2026August 8, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
DNA Isolation from Plant Tissues

DNA isolation from plant tissues is a fundamental procedure in plant molecular biology, genetics, taxonomy, and biotechnology. Unlike animal cells, plant cells possess rigid cell walls composed of cellulose and … Read more

DNA Isolation from Animal Cells: Principle, Steps, Applications

August 5, 2026July 31, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
DNA Isolation from Animal Cells

DNA isolation from animal cells is a foundational technique in molecular biology, genetics, and biomedical research to obtain high-quality genomic DNA. The genomic DNA is intact, pure, and suitable for … Read more

mRNA Isolation: Reagents, Principle, Types, Steps, Applications

August 4, 2026July 28, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
mRNA Isolation

Messenger RNA (mRNA) isolation is a targeted RNA purification approach designed to selectively isolate polyadenylated RNA molecules from a complex pool of total cellular RNA. In eukaryotic cells, mature mRNA … Read more

Total RNA Isolation from Bacteria: Principle, Steps, Applications

July 23, 2026July 15, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
Total RNA Isolation from Bacteria

Total RNA isolation from bacteria is a fundamental molecular biology technique used to study gene expression, transcriptional regulation, and cellular responses to environmental or experimental conditions. Unlike eukaryotic cells, bacterial … Read more

RNA Isolation Using the TRIzol Method: Principle, Steps, Applications

July 19, 2026July 5, 2026 by Sandeep Shakya
RNA Isolation Using the TRIzol Method

The TRIzol-based RNA isolation method is derived from the classical acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction technique first described by Chomczynski and Sacchi (1987). This method was specifically developed for the rapid … Read more

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