Sagar Aryal, PhD

Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. He completed his Ph.D. degree in Microbiology from the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal in 2025. He was awarded the DAAD Research Grant to conduct part of his Ph.D. research work for two years (2019-2021) at Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. Sagar is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. He is the Research Head of the Department of Natural Products, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Sagar has more than 15 years of experience in blogging, content writing, and SEO. Sagar was awarded the SfAM Communications Award 2015: Professional Communicator Category from the Society for Applied Microbiology (Now: Applied Microbiology International), Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK). Sagar is also the ASM Young Ambassador to Nepal for the American Society for Microbiology since 2023 onwards.

Biochemical Test of Bacillus subtilis

September 5, 2022February 27, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Biochemical Test of Bacillus subtilis

Biochemical Test of Bacillus subtilis Basic Characteristics Properties (Bacillus subtilis) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Flagellated Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Gram Positive (+ve) … Read more

Biochemical Test of Actinomyces israelii

January 13, 2023February 26, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Biochemical Test of Actinomyces israelii

Basic Characteristics Properties (Actinomyces israelii) CAMP -ve Capsule -ve Catalase -ve Flagella Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis -ve Gram Staining Gram +ve H2S Positive (+ve) Hemolysis -ve Indole -ve Motility -ve … Read more

Biochemical Test of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

January 13, 2023February 26, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Biochemical Test of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Basic Characteristics Properties ( Neisseria gonorrhoeae) Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Gas Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Nitrate Reduction Negative (-ve) Oxidase … Read more

Laboratory diagnosis of Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum

September 5, 2022February 25, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Laboratory diagnosis of Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum

Laboratory diagnosis of Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum Specimen Samples collected from ulcers and lesions should not be contaminated with blood, microorganisms, or tissue debris. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples … Read more

Micropropagation: Stages, Types, Applications

March 14, 2024February 21, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Stages of Micropropagation

Micropropagation is the rapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions of high light intensity, controlled temperature, and a defined nutrient medium. Stages of Micropropagation Micropropagation is a complicated … Read more

Microbial interaction and its types with examples

August 3, 2023February 21, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Microbial Interaction

Types of Microbial Interaction 1. Mutualism Examples of mutualism: Lichens: Lichens are an excellent example of mutualism. They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In … Read more

Milk Pasteurization- Definition, Methods, Steps, Significance

September 5, 2022February 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Milk Pasteurization- Methods, Steps, Significance

What is Milk Pasteurization? There is a general and urgent need for rapid procedures, applicable to process control, to monitor food safety and quality. Pasteurization is a process in which certain … Read more

Vacuoles- Definition, Structure, Types, Functions and Diagram

September 5, 2022February 19, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Vacuoles- Structure, Types and Functions

Vacuoles Definition A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle that is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells. The most conspicuous compartment in most … Read more

Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

September 5, 2022February 18, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Schematic of solid state fermenter for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to enzymes.

Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is a fermentation method used by several industries like the pharmaceuticals, food, textile etc., to produce metabolites of microorganisms using solid support in place of the liquid … Read more

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)

September 5, 2022February 15, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Stages of pathogenesis of EAEC

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) are a heterogeneous collection of strains characterized by their autoagglutination in a “stacked-brick” arrangement over the epithelium of the small intestine and, in some cases, the … Read more