Sagar Aryal, PhD

Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. He completed his Ph.D. degree in Microbiology from the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal in 2025. He was awarded the DAAD Research Grant to conduct part of his Ph.D. research work for two years (2019-2021) at Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. Sagar is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. He is the Research Head of the Department of Natural Products, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Sagar has more than 15 years of experience in blogging, content writing, and SEO. Sagar was awarded the SfAM Communications Award 2015: Professional Communicator Category from the Society for Applied Microbiology (Now: Applied Microbiology International), Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK). Sagar is also the ASM Young Ambassador to Nepal for the American Society for Microbiology since 2023 onwards.

Introduction to B Cells also called B-Lymphocytes

September 5, 2022March 5, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

B lymphocytes, the cells that produce antibodies, were so called because in birds they were found to mature in an organ called the Bursa of Fabricius. In mammals, no anatomic … Read more

Laboratory diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

September 5, 2022March 5, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Specimen Ideal specimens are throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates, lung biopsies, expectorated sputum. Washings are more reliable than sputum specimens because most infected patients have … Read more

Cell Fusion- Types and Significance

May 15, 2023March 3, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Until recently, cells were thought to be integral and discrete components of tissues, and their state was determined by cell differentiation. However, under some conditions, stem cells or their progeny … Read more

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

January 15, 2023March 3, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Image: Working colonization model for STEC infecting humans and persisting in ruminants. (A) The diagram shows a human intestinal epithelial cell displaying the first stages of colonization by STEC in … Read more

Biochemical Test of Salmonella Typhi

September 5, 2022March 2, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Biochemical Test of Salmonella Typhi Characteristics Salmonella Typhi Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) … Read more

Biochemical Test of Acinetobacter baumannii

May 4, 2022March 1, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Image Source: BioCote Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Acinetobacter baumannii) Bile Solubility Negative (-ve) Capsule Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) … Read more

Acinetobacter baumannii- An Overview

May 4, 2022March 1, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Habitat of Acinetobacter baumannii The first Acinetobacter found in soil was discovered in 1911 by M.W. Beijerinck. It is associated with the aquatics environment. It has been recovered from soil, water, … Read more

Submerged Fermentation

September 5, 2022February 28, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Fermentation is the technique of biological conversion of complex substrates into simple compounds by various microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. In the course of this metabolic breakdown, they also … Read more

Biochemical Test of Shigella flexneri

September 5, 2022February 28, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Biochemical Test of Shigella flexneri Basic Characteristics Properties (Shigella flexneri) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN … Read more

Biochemical Test of Bacteroides fragilis

September 5, 2022February 27, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Basic Characteristics Properties (Bacteroides fragilis) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Flagella Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Weakly Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Gram-negative (-ve) Growth in Bile (20%) Positive (+ve) Hemolysis … Read more