Sagar Aryal, PhD 
Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Specimen Ideal specimens are throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates, lung biopsies, expectorated sputum. Washings are more reliable than sputum specimens because most infected patients have … Read more
Until recently, cells were thought to be integral and discrete components of tissues, and their state was determined by cell differentiation. However, under some conditions, stem cells or their progeny … Read more
Image: Working colonization model for STEC infecting humans and persisting in ruminants. (A) The diagram shows a human intestinal epithelial cell displaying the first stages of colonization by STEC in … Read more
Biochemical Test of Salmonella Typhi Characteristics Salmonella Typhi Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) … Read more
Image Source: BioCote Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Acinetobacter baumannii) Bile Solubility Negative (-ve) Capsule Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) … Read more
Habitat of Acinetobacter baumannii The first Acinetobacter found in soil was discovered in 1911 by M.W. Beijerinck. It is associated with the aquatics environment. It has been recovered from soil, water, … Read more
Fermentation is the technique of biological conversion of complex substrates into simple compounds by various microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. In the course of this metabolic breakdown, they also … Read more
Biochemical Test of Shigella flexneri Basic Characteristics Properties (Shigella flexneri) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN … Read more
Basic Characteristics Properties (Bacteroides fragilis) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Flagella Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Weakly Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Gram-negative (-ve) Growth in Bile (20%) Positive (+ve) Hemolysis … Read more
Nature has always provided, in considerable amounts and variety, polymeric materials with interesting compositions and structures. These natural polymers include polysaccharides, such as cellulose, chitin, starch, alginate, galactan, hyaluronic acid, … Read more
