Sagar Aryal, PhD

Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. He completed his Ph.D. degree in Microbiology from the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal in 2025. He was awarded the DAAD Research Grant to conduct part of his Ph.D. research work for two years (2019-2021) at Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. Sagar is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. He is the Research Head of the Department of Natural Products, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Sagar has more than 15 years of experience in blogging, content writing, and SEO. Sagar was awarded the SfAM Communications Award 2015: Professional Communicator Category from the Society for Applied Microbiology (Now: Applied Microbiology International), Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK). Sagar is also the ASM Young Ambassador to Nepal for the American Society for Microbiology since 2023 onwards.

Klebsiella pneumoniae- Pathogenicity and Clinical Manifestations

December 9, 2022August 18, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile bacterium that is found in the environment and has been associated with pneumonia in the alcoholic and diabetic patient population. K. pneumoniae is … Read more

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)- Types and Limitations

September 25, 2022August 18, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

In the treatment and control of infectious diseases, especially when caused by pathogens that are often drug-resistant, susceptibility (sensitivity) testing is used to select effective antimicrobial drugs. Susceptibility testing is … Read more

Fat soluble vitamins- Vitamin A, D, E and K

September 5, 2022August 17, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Vitamins refer to any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet. Vitamins are biologically … Read more

Eukaryotic DNA Replication- Features, Enzymes, Process, Significance

August 8, 2024August 17, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Features of Eukaryotic DNA Replication THE ENZYMES OF DNA REPLICATION DNA Polymerases: Process of Eukaryotic DNA Replication DNA Proofreading In eukaryotes only the polymerases that deal with the elongation (delta and epsilon) … Read more

Biochemical Test of Listeria monocytogenes

February 13, 2025August 17, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Basic Characteristics Properties (Listeria monocytogenes) CAMP Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Flagella Flagellated Gas Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Positive (+ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Hemolysis Beta Hemolysis Indole Negative (-ve) Motility … Read more

Purine Synthesis

September 5, 2022August 15, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

There are two pathways of synthesis of purine nucleotides: De Novo synthesis pathway, and Salvage pathway. The De novo synthesis of Purine The de novo synthesis of purine nucleotide means … Read more

Cholesterol structure and synthesis

August 3, 2023August 14, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Cholesterol Structure Figure: Cholesterol Structure Although cholesterol is synthesized in most tissues of the body where it serves as a component of cell membranes, it is produced mainly in the … Read more

Biochemical Test of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis

January 13, 2023August 13, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Image Source: New York State Health Department Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Flagella Negative (-ve) … Read more

Restriction Enzyme (Restriction Endonuclease)

September 5, 2022August 10, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Restriction Enzyme (Restriction Endonuclease) Definition Restriction enzyme, also called restriction endonuclease, is a protein produced by bacteria that cleaves DNA at specific sites along the molecule. Restriction endonucleases cut the DNA double helix in very … Read more

Nucleic Acids- Nucleosides and Nucleotides

September 5, 2022August 8, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Nucleotide is any member of the class of organic compounds in which the molecular structure comprises a nitrogen-containing unit (base) linked to a sugar and a phosphate group. They are monomeric units of nucleic … Read more