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Staining

Staining is a biochemical process usually conducted to increase the contrast of a microscopic image.

  • Staining samples with different dyes is an important part of microscopy where the color contrast of a magnified is increased to differentiate the stained portion of the image from the rest.
  • Microscopic techniques in hematology, histopathology, and clinical microbiology use staining as a method to study and diagnose diseases at the microscopic level.
  • Dyes used in staining can be used to define the biological tissues, cell populations, or subcellular organelles.
  • The purpose of staining might also differ as some staining procedures are used to differentiate between two groups of microorganisms (Gram Staining) while some are used to observe motility and presence of a capsule.
  • Staining is a part of biochemistry where a class-specific dye is added to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a certain compound.
  • Staining, however, is not limited to biological samples, as it can be used to study the lamellar structure of polymers and the structure of block compounds.
  • Bright field microscopes are commonly used to observe stained cells or other biological materials to provide a distinction between the sample and the background.
  • It is also difficult to observe colorless substances under a microscope, which is why the concept of staining is so popular.
  • Staining is of different types depending on their purpose; simple staining using a single stain to provide a contrast between the sample and the background; differential staining using more than one dyes in order to differentiate between cells or between organelles of a cell.
  • Among all the staining techniques, Gram staining is the most popular technique that are used to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.
  • Other staining techniques include endospore staining for endospores, acid-fast staining for fastidious organisms, Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) for biomolecules, and Romanowsky staining to differentiate between blood cells.

Flagella Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

January 15, 2023June 7, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Flagella Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Objective of Flagella Stain This technique is used to visualize the presence and arrangement of flagella for the presumptive identification of motile bacterial species. Principle of Flagella Stain Flagella are … Read more

Spore Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

July 27, 2021June 5, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Spore Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Members of the anaerobic genera Clostridium and Desulfotomaculum and the aerobic genus Bacillus are examples of organisms that have the capacity to exist either as metabolically active vegetative cells or … Read more

Capsule Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

July 27, 2021June 5, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Capsule Stain Principle Procedure and Result Interpretation

A capsule is a gelatinous outer layer that is secreted by the cell and that surrounds and adheres to the cell wall. It is not common to all organisms. Cells … Read more

Negative Staining- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

July 27, 2021June 5, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Negative Staining- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Objectives of Negative Staining To perform a negative staining procedure. To understand the benefit obtained from visualizing unstained microorganisms. Principle of Negative Staining Negative staining requires the use of an … Read more

Simple Staining- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

July 27, 2021June 5, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Simple Staining- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Objectives ofย Simple Staining To perform a simple staining procedure. To compare the morphological shapes and arrangements of bacterial cells. Principle ofย Simple Staining In simple staining, the bacterial smear is stained … Read more

Acridine Orange Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

July 27, 2021June 4, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Acridine Orange Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Objective Differential staining of nucleic acids including DNA and RNA. Principle Acridine orange, a vital stain, will intercalate with nucleic acid, changing the dyeโ€™s optical characteristics so that it will … Read more

Acid Fast Stain (Kinyoun-Cold Method)- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

July 27, 2021June 4, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Acid Fast (Kinyoun-Cold Method)- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Objective ofย Kinyoun-Cold Method Identification of acid-fast Mycobacterium spp. and parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Isopora spp. Principle ofย Kinyoun-Cold Method Acid-fast mycobacteria contain mycolic acid in their outer membrane, making the … Read more

Acid Fast Stain-ย Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Result Interpretation

July 27, 2021June 3, 2021 by Sagar Aryal
Acid Fast Stain-ย Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Result Interpretation

It is also know asย Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Objective of Acid Fast Stain The main aim objective of this stain is to differentiate bacteria into acid fast group and non-acid fast groups. … Read more

Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H and E stain or HE stain)

July 27, 2021May 16, 2021 by Faith Mokobi
Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain or HE stain)

Hematoxylin and eosin staining technique functions to recognize different types of tissues and their morphological changes, especially in cancer diagnosis. Hematoxylin has a deep blue-purple color and stains nucleic acids … Read more

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