Sagar Aryal, PhD

Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. He completed his Ph.D. degree in Microbiology from the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal in 2025. He was awarded the DAAD Research Grant to conduct part of his Ph.D. research work for two years (2019-2021) at Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. Sagar is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. He is the Research Head of the Department of Natural Products, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Sagar has more than 15 years of experience in blogging, content writing, and SEO. Sagar was awarded the SfAM Communications Award 2015: Professional Communicator Category from the Society for Applied Microbiology (Now: Applied Microbiology International), Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK). Sagar is also the ASM Young Ambassador to Nepal for the American Society for Microbiology since 2023 onwards.

Buffer and Extraction Buffer- Definition, Components, Significance

January 6, 2022October 17, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Buffer and Extraction Buffer

A buffer is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its salt (acidic buffer) or a weak base and its salt (basic buffer) that resists … Read more

Cell Disruption- Definition, Methods, Types, Significance

July 9, 2024October 10, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Cell Disruption Methods

Mechanical Methods of Cell Disruption Mechanical methods are those methods that required some sort of force to separate out intracellular protein without adding chemical or enzyme Mortar & Pestle Blenders … Read more

Complement Components and its 7 functional categories

January 6, 2022October 1, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Complement Components

Complement refers to a set of serum proteins that cooperates with both the innate and the adaptive immune systems to eliminate blood and tissue pathogens. Complement components can be classified … Read more

Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes- Definition, Enzymes and Process

March 4, 2022September 23, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Translation in Eukaryotes

Protein Synthesis involves translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. It is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins … Read more

Cloning Vectors- Definition, Characteristics, Types, Uses

January 6, 2022September 12, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Cloning Vectors

Genetic vectors are vehicles for delivering foreign DNA into recipient cells. In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, … Read more

Pathogenesis and Clinical manifestations of Rickettsia rickettsii

September 14, 2021August 13, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Pathogenesis and Clinical manifestations of Rickettsia rickettsii

Pathogenesis of Rickettsia rickettsii Human gets infected when infected adult tick inoculates Rickettsia rickettsii into the skin while taking a blood meal. It usually takes 6 hours of attachment and feeding … Read more

Lymphocytes- Types and Functions

September 14, 2021August 9, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Lymphocytes- Types and Functions

Lymphocytes are the cells that specifically recognize and respond to foreign antigens and are mediators of humoral and cellular immunity. Lymphocytes, the unique cells of adaptive immunity, are the only … Read more

Virulence factors, Pathogenesis and Clinical manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes

September 14, 2021August 2, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Listeria monocytogenes

Virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes 1. Adhesion proteins (Ami, Fbp A, flagellin) Mediate bacterial binding to host cell that contribute to virulence. 2. Listeriolysin O A hemolytic and cytotoxic toxin that … Read more

Flagella Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

January 15, 2023June 7, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Flagella Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Objective of Flagella Stain This technique is used to visualize the presence and arrangement of flagella for the presumptive identification of motile bacterial species. Principle of Flagella Stain Flagella are … Read more

Spore Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

July 27, 2021June 5, 2021 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Spore Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation

Members of the anaerobic genera Clostridium and Desulfotomaculum and the aerobic genus Bacillus are examples of organisms that have the capacity to exist either as metabolically active vegetative cells or … Read more