Capsule Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation
A capsule is a gelatinous outer layer that is secreted by the cell and that surrounds and adheres to the cell wall. It is not common to all organisms. Cells … Read more
Sagar Aryal, PhD
Negative Staining- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation
Objectives of Negative Staining To perform a negative staining procedure. To understand the benefit obtained from visualizing unstained microorganisms. Principle of Negative Staining Negative staining requires the use of an … Read more
Simple Staining- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation
Objectives of Simple Staining To perform a simple staining procedure. To compare the morphological shapes and arrangements of bacterial cells. Principle of Simple Staining In simple staining, the bacterial smear is stained … Read more
Acridine Orange Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation
Objective Differential staining of nucleic acids including DNA and RNA. Principle Acridine orange, a vital stain, will intercalate with nucleic acid, changing the dye’s optical characteristics so that it will … Read more
Acid Fast Stain (Kinyoun-Cold Method)- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation
Objective of Kinyoun-Cold Method Identification of acid-fast Mycobacterium spp. and parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Isopora spp. Principle of Kinyoun-Cold Method Acid-fast mycobacteria contain mycolic acid in their outer membrane, making the … Read more
Acid Fast Stain-Â Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Result Interpretation
It is also know as Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Objective of Acid Fast Stain The main aim objective of this stain is to differentiate bacteria into acid fast group and non-acid fast groups. … Read more
Pathogenesis and Clinical manifestations of Francisella tularensis
Pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis Francisella tularensis is carried by many species of wild rodents, rabbits, beavers. Humans become infected by handling the carcasses or skin of infected animals, by inhaling … Read more
Factors affecting Immunogenicity
Immunogenicity is determined by: A. Properties of Immunogen Foreignness An antigen must be a foreign substance to the animal or recognized as non-self by the biological system to elicit an … Read more
Laboratory diagnosis of Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes
Laboratory diagnosis of Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes Specimens:Â Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Blood Microscopy Gram-stain preparations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) typically show no organisms because the bacteria are generally present in … Read more
Recombinant DNA Technology- Definition, Steps, Applications
Steps of Genetic Recombination Technology Application of Recombinant DNA technology Limitations of Recombinant DNA technology References