Sagar Aryal, PhD 
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are Gram-positive and the two most common pathogenic cocci of medical importance. They are both non-motile, non-sporing, and facultative anaerobes which can be differentiated on the following grounds: S.N. … Read more
The Beer-Lambert law, also known as Beer’s law, the Lambert-Beer law, or the Beer-Lambert–Bouguer law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling. What is Beer-Lambert Law? When a monochromatic … Read more
Differences between Diarrhea and Dysentery Diarrhea and dysentery are two distinct medical conditions which are often used synonymously. However, both the terms and these clinical conditions have clear differences as … Read more
Structure of Rabies Virus The virus is enveloped, rod shaped particles measuring 75 × 180 nm. Mature virion appears either as bullet shaped particles with one rounded and one flattened end … Read more
Differences between Meningitis and Encephalitis Meningitis and Encephalitis are the two main kinds of neurological conditions related to the brain and spinal cord, where the layer surrounding the brain or the brain itself … Read more
What is NMR? Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. It is a spectroscopy technique that … Read more
Escherichia coli as Pathogens The effectiveness of E. coli as a pathogen is illustrated by the fact that: Pathotypes of E. coli Source: DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00022-13 A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) B. … Read more
Habitat of Chlamydia trachomatis It is an obligate intracellular human pathogens. Humans are the only natural host. It cannot survive outside of a eukaryotic host. Chlamydia trachomatis is transmitted by … Read more
In a primary immune response, naive B cells are stimulated by antigen, become activated, and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells that produce antibodies specific for the eliciting antigen. A secondary immune … Read more
Objective of Microdase (Modified Oxidase) Test This test is used to differentiate gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci (micrococci from staphylococci). Principle of Microdase (Modified Oxidase) Test The microdase test, also known as modified oxidase test … Read more
