Sagar Aryal, PhD 
Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Clostridium tetani) Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Flagella Peritrichous Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Positive (+ve) Gram Staining Gram-stain-positive, … Read more
Some of the characteristics are: Basic Characteristics Properties (Chlamydia trachomatis) Organism Type Obligate intracellular organism that parasitize and multiply in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells within membrane bound vacuoles, termed … Read more
Through normal everyday activities, the human body is exposed to microorganisms in the environment. Hundreds of species and countless individual microbial cells, collectively called the normal microflora, grow on or … Read more
Some of the characteristics are as follows: Basic Characteristics Properties (Enterococcus faecium) 40% Bile Salts Positive (+ve) Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) … Read more
(Type A and proteolytic strains of types B and F) Basic Characteristics Properties (Clostridium botulinum) Ammonia Production Positive (+ve) 20% Bile Negative (-ve) Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Flagella … Read more
The Davson–Danielli model (or paucimolecular model) was a model of the plasma membrane of a cell, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli. The model describes a phospholipid bilayer that lies between two layers of globular proteins and it … Read more
Secretory Vesicles Definition Vesicles are small, membrane-enclosed sacs that store and transport substances to and from one cell to another and from one part of a cell to another. The … Read more
The plasma membrane, also known as the cell surface membrane or plasmalemma, defines the boundary of the cell. They are a special type of membranes which are lipid structures that … Read more
Viruses gain access to the host through skin and mucous membranes, and via the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genital tracts. Their virulence or lack of it may be determined by very … Read more
Laboratory diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae Specimen: Sputum, blood, endotracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, joint fluid, abscess fluid, bones, and other biopsy material. Microscopy Gram staining of … Read more
