What are Bacteria?- A Complete Study Note and Guide
The Earth is home to a wide variety of living beings. It is estimated that about 8.7 million species of living beings are currently on the Earth of which 1.2 … Read more
Prashant Dahal
Voges-Proskauer (VP) Test: Principle, Procedure & Results
Although most bacteria are able to ferment (metabolize) glucose, the end product of glucose metabolism by different bacteria might not always be the same. Following glycolysis, some follow the mixed … Read more
Streak Plate Method: Principle, Types & Step-by-Step Guide
Streak literally means “a long, thin line”: and the streak plate method is a microbiological culture technique where a sample is spread in a petri dish in the form of … Read more
Sarcomere: Structure, Function & Role in Muscle Contraction
Sarcomeres are the basic contractile units of striated muscle cells. A sarcomere is a highly organized structure made up of thick and thin protein filaments; mainly of actin and myosin … Read more
Parts of a Microscope with Functions and Labeled Diagram
Having been constructed in the 16th Century, microscopes have revolutionized science with their ability to magnify small objects such as microbial cells, producing images with definitive structures that are identifiable … Read more
52 Laboratory Safety Symbols: Signs, Meanings, Examples
Signs and symbols are figures representing specific instructions about what to do and what not to do or representing some specific material or situation ahead. They alert us about some … Read more
Gram Staining: Principle, Procedure & Result Interpretation
Gram staining is a differential bacterial staining technique used to differentiate bacteria into Gram Positive and Gram Negative types according to their cell wall composition. It is the most widely … Read more
Hemoglobin Explained: Key Types, Functions & Disorders
Hemoglobin is a complex iron-containing protein found in erythrocytes (red blood cells) of most vertebrates that plays a vital role in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide within the blood. It … Read more
Benedict’s Test: Principle, Procedure & Practical Uses
Benedict’s Test is a chemical analytical method used for the detection of reducing sugar in a solution. Benedict’s Test is a qualitative test often used for the differentiation of carbohydrates … Read more
PYR Test: Principle, Media, Steps, Results, Uses
PYR test (L-Pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide test) is a biochemical test used to detect the ability of bacteria to produce pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase enzyme using L-Pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide (PYR) as substrate. It was first reported in … Read more