Pharmacology is a discipline that deals with the effects of pharmaceuticals or drugs on living systems, their manufacture, and their chemical properties.
Carbapenems are members of the β-Lactam antibiotic class. Molecularly defining, carbapenems are antibiotics having β– lactam ring with sulfur at the C-1 position and a double bond between C-2 and C-3 of … Read more
What is Klebsiella pneumoniae? Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, lactose-fermenting, encapsulated Gammaproteobacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae of the phylum Pseudomonadota. It is a pathogenic species of … Read more
Enterobacteriaceae is a family of Gram-negative, rod-shaped Gammaproteobacteria in the order Enterobacterales of the phylum Pseudomonatoda. They are named so because they are primarily found in the small and large … Read more
Pseudomonas is a genus of aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative Gammaproteobacteria in the family Pseudomonadaceae of the phylum Pseudomonadota. It includes 191 well-characterized species occupying a wide range … Read more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development in pathogenic microorganisms is a major public health issue, which is likely to result in aggravated illness, higher mortality, and escalated treatment costs with limited treatment … Read more
Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a group of A. baumannii which have developed resistance against the carbapenems. Acinetobacter is a genus of aerobic, glucose non-fermentative, rod-shaped (more precisely, cocco-bacilli), Gram-negative … Read more
ESKAPE Pathogens are a group of multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria, mostly responsible for nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. ESKAPE is a group of 6 highly pathogenic bacteria associated with severe nosocomial infections. … Read more
As the Broth dilution method are time-consuming, many laboratories in the United States adopted disc diffusion tests in the early 1950s. Kirby Bauer tests also known as the Disc diffusion … Read more
MRSA is mediated by the mecA gene; which is chromosomally coded. It alters penicillin-binding protein (PBP) present on S. aureus cell membrane to PBP-2a: PBP is an essential protein needed … Read more
β-lactamase enzymes are capable of hydrolysing the β-lactam rings (the active site) of β-lactam antibiotics; thereby deactivating their antibacterial properties. It is observed in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They … Read more
