Sagar Aryal, PhD

Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. He completed his Ph.D. degree in Microbiology from the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal in 2025. He was awarded the DAAD Research Grant to conduct part of his Ph.D. research work for two years (2019-2021) at Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. Sagar is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. He is the Research Head of the Department of Natural Products, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Sagar has more than 15 years of experience in blogging, content writing, and SEO. Sagar was awarded the SfAM Communications Award 2015: Professional Communicator Category from the Society for Applied Microbiology (Now: Applied Microbiology International), Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK). Sagar is also the ASM Young Ambassador to Nepal for the American Society for Microbiology since 2023 onwards.

UV Spectroscopy- Definition, Principle, Steps, Parts, Uses

April 21, 2022January 21, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

UV Spectroscopy

What is UV Spectroscopy? Spectroscopy is the measurement and interpretation of electromagnetic radiation absorbed or emitted when the molecules or atoms or ions of a sample move from one energy … Read more

Innate Immunity vs Adaptive Immunity- Definition and 29 Differences

January 26, 2022January 21, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Differences between Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity

Some of the differences are: S.N. Characteristics Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity 1. Synonyms Nonspecific, natural immunity Specific, acquired immunity 2. Definition The defense mechanisms that are non-antigen specific and immediately … Read more

Methyl Red (MR) Test- Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

January 27, 2022January 21, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Result Interpretation of Methyl Red (MR) Test

Objectives of Methyl Red (MR) Test To differentiate two major types of facultative anaerobic enteric bacteria based on the production of acid. It identifies bacterial ability to produce stable acid end … Read more

Cytokines vs Chemokines- Definition and 8 Major Differences

May 4, 2022January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Differences between Cytokines and Chemokines

Differences between Cytokines and Chemokines Here are some differences: S.N. Characteristics Cytokines Chemokines 1. Definition Small proteins produced dominantly by immune cells which are important in cell signaling. Specific cytokines … Read more

MRS Broth Test- Principle, Procedure and Results

January 27, 2022January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Result Interpretation of MRS Broth Test

Objectives of MRS Broth Test It is used for the cultivation and enumeration of lactobacilli in a laboratory setting To determine the ability of organism to form gas during glucose fermentation … Read more

Gamma-ray Spectroscopy- Definition, Principle, Parts, Uses

March 1, 2022January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

gamma-ray spectrometer

Gamma rays are an ultrahigh-frequency of light that is emitted by radioactive elements, energetic celestial bodies such as black holes and neutron stars, and high energy events such as nuclear … Read more

Humoral vs Cell mediated Immunity- Definition, 20 Differences

January 26, 2022January 19, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Differences between Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated Immunity

Image Source: Pinterest. Here are some differences: S.N. Characteristics Humoral Immunity Cell-mediated Immunity 1. Definition The immunity mediated by macromolecules found in the extracellular body fluids is called humoral immunity. … Read more

Motility Test- Objectives, Principle, Procedure, Results, Limitation

January 27, 2022January 19, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Motility Test- Principle, Procedure and Results

Objectives of Motility Test To determine the motility of bacterium. To differentiate between motile and non motile bacteria. Principle of Motility Test Motility is the ability of an organism to move by itself … Read more

RBC vs WBC- Definition and 19 Major Differences

February 22, 2022January 19, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Differences between RBCs and WBCs

RBC vs WBC (Table form) S.N. Characteristics Red Blood Cells (RBCs) White Blood Cells (WBCs) 1. Alternative Name Erythrocytes Leucocytes 2. Origin In the embryonic phase, they are formed in … Read more

Paper Chromatography- Definition, Types, Principle, Steps, Uses

April 21, 2022January 19, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Paper Chromatography

What is Paper Chromatography? Paper chromatography (PC) is a type of planar chromatography whereby chromatography procedures are run on a specialized paper. PC is considered to be the simplest and … Read more