Sagar Aryal, PhD

Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. He completed his Ph.D. degree in Microbiology from the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal in 2025. He was awarded the DAAD Research Grant to conduct part of his Ph.D. research work for two years (2019-2021) at Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. Sagar is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. He is the Research Head of the Department of Natural Products, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Sagar has more than 15 years of experience in blogging, content writing, and SEO. Sagar was awarded the SfAM Communications Award 2015: Professional Communicator Category from the Society for Applied Microbiology (Now: Applied Microbiology International), Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK). Sagar is also the ASM Young Ambassador to Nepal for the American Society for Microbiology since 2023 onwards.

Habitat and Morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae

January 18, 2023June 10, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Habitat and Morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Habitat of Streptococcus pneumoniae Morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae Genomes of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Koch’s postulates and its limitations

September 5, 2022June 10, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Koch’s postulates and its limitations

Koch’s postulate forms the very basis of the pathogenic microbiology. The causality of almost all infectious diseases is based on the postulate and theories developed by Robert Koch, who is … Read more

Major Histocompatibility Complex I- Structure, Mechanism, Functions

September 5, 2022June 10, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Major Histocompatibility Complex I- Structure, Mechanism and Functions

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a part of the genome of all vertebrates that code for molecules which are important in immune recognition. In humans, the MHC is a cluster … Read more

Biochemical Test and Identification of Bacteria

January 15, 2023June 10, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Biochemical Test of Bacteria

Biochemical reactions are significant in the identification of bacterial isolates and in the identification of different bacterial species. These tests depend on the presence of certain enzymes, such as catalase, … Read more

Type III (Immune Complex) Hypersensitivity- Mechanism, Examples

September 5, 2022June 9, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Type III (Immune Complex) Hypersensitivity- Mechanism and Examples

The term hypersensitivity denotes a condition in which an exaggerated immune response of a host results in inappropriate reactions that leads to destruction of host tissues. According to the most … Read more

Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity: Mechanism, Examples

May 25, 2025June 8, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity- Mechanism and Examples

Mechanism of Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions Examples of Type II Hypersensitivity Rhesus incompatibility (Rh hemolytic disease) During subsequent pregnancies, when Rh –ve mother conceive Rh +ve fetus, small numbers of fetal … Read more

Regulation of protein synthesis in Prokaryotes

September 5, 2022June 8, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Regulation of protein synthesis in Prokaryotes

Regulation of protein synthesis is necessary in all cells. Particularly, in the prokaryotic cells, regulation is achieved by means of genetic units called operons alongside a number of related mechanisms … Read more

Isolation of Actinomycetes from Soil sample

September 9, 2023June 6, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Procedure of Isolation of Actinomycetes

Figure: Free living actinomycetes are ubiquitous in soil environments as well as in marine and fresh water ecosystems. In addition, they have an important ecological role in the turnover of organic … Read more

Type 1 (Anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity Reaction

September 5, 2022June 5, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Type 1 (Anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity Reaction

Hypersensitivity is increased reactivity or increased sensitivity by the animal body to an antigen to which it has been previously exposed. The most widely adopted current classification is that of … Read more

Plasmodium vivax vs Plasmodium falciparum- 40 Differences

October 21, 2022June 2, 2022 by Sagar Aryal, PhD

Differences between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum

Five species of Plasmodium are believed to cause malaria in humans: Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P .ovale and P. knowlesi. Of the five species that infect humans, P. vivax … Read more