Prashant Dahal 
The oxidase test is a biochemical testing module used to assay the ability of bacteria to synthesize cytochrome c oxidase enzymes. This test was first introduced by Gordon and McLeod … Read more
Optochin, also called ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride, is a derivative of quinine, an antimalarial agent. It was introduced by Morgenroth and Levy in 1911 as an antibiotic for treating pneumococci infection (infection … Read more
Lactose is a disaccharide sugar molecule formed by the combination of glucose and galactose. It is mainly present in milk and milk products. Some bacteria can ferment lactose into glucose … Read more
Enterobacteriaceae is a family of Gram-negative, rod-shaped Gammaproteobacteria in the order Enterobacterales of the phylum Pseudomonatoda. They are named so because they are primarily found in the small and large … Read more
OF test is the test to differentiate bacteria into two groups, oxidative bacteria and fermentative bacteria to biochemically characterize and identify them. Carbohydrates, simply called sugars, are the polyhydroxy aldehydes … Read more
Novobiocin is a member of the aminocoumarin antibiotic class produced by Streptomyces niveus Actinobacteria which inhibit the bacterial DNA synthesis process. Novobiocin binds with the GyrB subunit of the DNA … Read more
Pseudomonas is a genus of aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative Gammaproteobacteria in the family Pseudomonadaceae of the phylum Pseudomonadota. It includes 191 well-characterized species occupying a wide range … Read more
Actinobacteria are Gram-positive, aerobic or facultative, spore-forming bacteria belonging to the order Actinomycetales, characterized by high guanine and cytosine (G + C) content (>55 mol %) in DNAs and rod-shape … Read more
Abstract Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary system. Bacterial UTI is the most prevalent bacterial infection, resulting in more than 400 million cases yearly. There is … Read more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development in pathogenic microorganisms is a major public health issue, which is likely to result in aggravated illness, higher mortality, and escalated treatment costs with limited treatment … Read more
