Introduction NYC Agar Base medium was originally developed by Fauer, Weisburd and Wilson at the New York City Department of Health for selective isolation of pathogenic Neisseria species from clinical specimens. NYC medium, primarily designed for isolation of pathogenic Neisseria, also … Read more
Introduction Thayer-Martin Agar was developed in 1964 for the isolation of N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. A further modification of these early formulations was developed to improve the isolation of pathogenic Neisseria sp. from specimens, which contained large amounts of … Read more
Thayer and Martin reported an improvement of the Chocolate Agar formulation that contained antimicrobics vancomycin, colistin and nystatin have been added to minimize overgrowth by contaminants, suppress the growth of saprophytic Neisseria sp., and enhance the growth of pathogenic Neisseria. … Read more
Yeasts are unicellular eukaryotes and extensively studied model organism in molecular genetics. They are chemoorganotrophs as they utilize organic compounds as a source of energy. Yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD or YEPD) Growth Agar is used for the maintenance and … Read more
Fastidious organisms having exacting nutritional requirement can be cultivated on infusion media. Meat infusions were included in the first media used for the cultivation of bacteria. Huntoon prepared a medium using fresh beef heart and peptone which became known as … Read more
Egg Yolk Agar, modified is based on the original formula for Egg Yolk Agar developed by McClung and Toabe for the isolation and differentiation of organisms based on Lecithinase and lipase production and proteolytic activity. Image Source: Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar, DOI: … Read more
The first chromogenic culture medium for detection of E. coli was invented and patented by Dr. A. Rambach in 1979. This technology is color-based differentiation method. It is based on soluble colorless molecules (called chromogens), composed of a substrate (targeting … Read more
Hektoen Enteric Agar is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate members of the species Salmonella and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae. The medium was introduced in 1968 by Sylvia King and William I. Metzger. They formulated HE … Read more
Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar is a differential microbiological medium, which slightly inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and provides a color indicator distinguishing between organisms that ferment lactose (e.g., E. coli) and those that do not (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella). EMB agar was originally devised by Holt-Harris … Read more
Deoxycholate Citrate Agar is a modification of Leifson formula and is recommended for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella spp. This medium is similar to deoxycholate agar in comparison but is moderately more selective for enteric pathogens owing to increased … Read more
Chocolate agar is essentially the same as blood agar except that during preparation the red blood cells are lysed when added to molten agar base. As a result, the cell lysis releases intracellular nutrients such as hemoglobin, hemin (“X” factor), … Read more
Campylobacter Blood Agar (CVA) is a selective medium used for the primary isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from stool specimens. Dekeyser et al. reported the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from the feces of patients with diarrhea and acute gastroenteritis by using a filtration … Read more
Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep blood is highly nutritious general purpose medium for the isolation and cultivation of the non-fastidious and fastidious microorganisms from various clinical specimens and non-clinical specimens of public health importance. Columbia Blood Agar was first described … Read more
