Virology

Virology is a branch of natural science that deals with the biology of viruses and viral diseases, along with the biochemistry, occurrence, pathogenesis, life cycle, ecology, and evolution of viruses and virus-like particles.

• Viruses and viral diseases have been at the focus of science, agriculture, and medicine for a long time, and some of the greatest challenges and triumphs in science have involved virology like the eradication of smallpox.
• Virology is an important clinical science that deals with diseases of new emerging viruses and viral diseases.
• The importance of virology has been observed throughout time in the form of viral outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.
• Virology is a reasonably difficult discipline due to the complex nature of viruses. Viruses are obligatory parasites that require living cells for growth which makes it difficult to culture them in laboratories.
• Besides, these are minute particles that cannot be seen through a compound microscope. These are also comparatively more pathogenic, resulting in deadly diseases.
• All of these difficulties has made extensive research on viruses and viral diseases quite challenging.
• However, modern science has made significant advancements in microscopy and other techniques that have made the observation and culture of viruses on artificial surfaces possible.
• Much of the initial attention of virologists were focused on viruses as disease-causing agents, and great progress continues to be made in this area.
•  Many acute viral infections are prevented or controlled in much of the world through vaccination and other public health measures. 
• It has also been recognized that viral infections cause a substantial fraction of the world’s cancer burden, most commonly hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus infections, both of which can be prevented by vaccination. 
• Viruses also cause severe diseases in plants and livestock, which include viruses like TMV.
• Beyond their medical and agricultural importance, numerous studies done on viral replication have provided important information on the mechanism of viral diseases.
• Virology continues to focus on clinical science in order to discover the nature of viral gene products, their application as vaccines, and as antimicrobial agents.