Sagar Aryal, PhD

Bird Seed Agar is a solid medium used for selective and differential isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from clinical specimens. It is used for the selective isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii. C. neoformans usually grows … Read more

Salmonella Shigella (SS) Agar is a moderately selective and differential medium for the isolation, cultivation, and differentiation of Salmonella spp. and some strains of Shigella spp. SS Agar is a modification of the Deoxycholate Citrate … Read more

Coliforms refer to all aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas and acid formation within 48 hours at 35°C. Procedures to detect, enumerate, and … Read more

Selenite Broth was devised by Leifson, who demonstrated that selenite was inhibitory for coliforms and certain other microbial species, such as fecal streptococci, present in fecal specimens and, thus, was … Read more

Most bacteria have the ability to ferment carbohydrates, particularly sugars. Among them, each bacterium can ferment only some of the sugars, while it cannot ferment the others. Thus, the sugars, … Read more

In 1984, Bolton et al. stated charcoal might efficiently substitute blood in a culture medium for isolating Campylobacter spp. Endtz et al. later confirmed there is a higher isolation rate … Read more

Thayer and Martin reported an improvement of the Chocolate Agar formulation that contained antimicrobics vancomycin, colistin and nystatin have been added to minimize overgrowth by contaminants, suppress the growth of … Read more