Sagar Aryal, PhD 
Coomb’s test is a direct agglutination reaction, more commonly known as antiglobulin test. It was discovered by Coombs, Mourant and Race in 1945 originally for the detection of incomplete anti-Rh … Read more
What is Staphylococcus epidermidis? Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus and is the most frequently isolated species from human epithelia. Classification of Staphylococcus epidermidis Classification … Read more
Principle of VDRL Test The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests are slide microflocculation test that detect antibodies produced against antigens released by damaged host cells in patients suffering from … Read more
Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis is an adaptation of radial immunodiffusion developed by Laurell. It is also known as electroimmunoassay or electroimmunodiffusion. It is called as “rocket electrophoresis” due to the appearance of … Read more
Amino acids constitute a group of neutral products clearly distinguished from other natural compounds chemically, mainly because of their ampholytic properties, and biochemically, mainly because of their role as protein … Read more
The production of exact copies of a particular gene or DNA sequence using genetic engineering techniques is called gene cloning. The term “gene cloning,” “DNA cloning,” “molecular cloning,” and “recombinant DNA technology” … Read more
The innate immune system provides the first line of host defense against microbes, before adaptive immune responses have had sufficient time to develop. The mechanisms of innate immunity exist before … Read more
Principle of Immunoelectrophoresis When an electric current is applied to a slide layered with gel, the antigen mixture placed in wells is separated into individual antigen components according to their … Read more
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an ubiquitous, Gram-positive and sporulating bacterium that synthesizes insecticidal proteins with specificity against a wide range of insects during sporulation (Cry and Cyt) and vegetative growth (Vip … Read more
Immuno-diffusion is a technique for the detection or measurement of antibodies and antigens by their precipitation which involves diffusion through a substance such as agar or gel agarose. Simply, it … Read more
