Real-Time PCR (qPCR): Principle, Process, Markers, Uses
Real-Time PCR is a technique used to monitor the progress of a PCR reaction in real-time. At the same time, a relatively small amount of PCR product (DNA, cDNA or … Read more
Sagar Aryal, PhD
McFarland Standards: Principle, Preparation, Uses, Limitations
What is McFarland Standards? McFarland Standards are used as the reference in order to adjust the turbidity of the liquid/ bacterial suspension in the vial or tube in the microbiology … Read more
Types of antigen on the basis of source and immune response
On basis of Source/Origin Exogenous antigens: These are antigens which are foreign to host body hence are also called foreign antigens. These are antigens that enters the body of the organism … Read more
Biochemical Test of Streptococcus mutans
Biochemical Test of Streptococcus mutans Basic Characteristics Properties (Streptococcus mutans) Capsule Capsulated Catalase Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Alfa Hemolysis Motility Non-motile OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) Facultative anaerobes Oxidase Negative … Read more
Biochemical Test of Streptococcus agalactiae
Biochemical Test of Streptococcus agalactiae Basic Characteristics Properties (Streptococcus agalactiae) CAMP Positive (+ve) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) Flagella Non-flagellated Gram Staining Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Beta … Read more
Hemolysis of Streptococci- Types and Examples with Images
Introduction A genus Streptococcus is a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria. Various streptococci are considered as the normal microbial flora of animals and humans, while some species under favorable conditions … Read more
Lassa Virus- An Overview
Structure of Lassa Virus The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the virus family Arenaviridae. Figure: Structure of Lassa Virus, Source: Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics The virion is spherical … Read more
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus- An Overview
Structure of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus falls under the family Bunyaviridae and genus Nairo virus. They are spherical particles 90 to 120 nm in diameter with … Read more
Biochemical Test of Yersinia pestis
Biochemical Test of Yersinia pestis Basic Characteristics Properties (Yersinia pestis) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Flagella Non-Flagellated Gas Negative (-ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining … Read more
Biochemical Test of Enterobacter cloacae
Biochemical Test of Enterobacter cloacae Basic Characteristics Properties (Enterobacter cloacae) Capsule Negative (-ve) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Positive (+ve) Flagella Positive (+ve) Gas from glucose Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative … Read more