Sanju Tamang 
DNA is the basic unit of inheritance that maintains the integrity and function of living organisms. However, it is constantly exposed to damaging agents which can cause DNA damage. Additionally, … Read more
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), also known as lateral gene transfer, is the transfer of genetic information between more or less distantly related organisms. It is different from vertical gene transfer, … Read more
Inheritance is the transfer of genetic information or traits from one cell or individual to another. While most inherited traits follow patterns of chromosomal inheritance, where genes on the chromosomes … Read more
Chromosome mapping means determining the relative positions of genes in a chromosome by creating maps that are used to organize and understand genetic information on chromosomes. These maps show the … Read more
Gene interactions refer to the relationships between genes that affect the phenotype of an organism. Gene interactions occur when allelic or non-allelic genes affect the expression of specific phenotypic traits … Read more
Microprojectile Bombardment is one of the physical methods of gene transfer used to introduce foreign genetic materials directly into cells or tissues using high-velocity particles. The method is known by … Read more
Microinjection is one of the physical methods of gene transfer used to introduce DNA or other genetic materials directly into a cell using a small glass needle or micropipette. This … Read more
Electroporation, also called electropermeabilization (EP), is a physical method of introducing genetic material, proteins, drugs, or other desired molecules into cells for various purposes with the application of electric pulses … Read more
DNA cloning is a method used to produce multiple identical copies of a DNA fragment within a cell. DNA cloning is also known as gene cloning or molecular cloning. All … Read more
Proteomics is the study of the proteome, which is the complete set of proteins that are produced in a biological system. Proteomics provides direct insights into cellular functions because proteins … Read more
