Prashant Dahal 
Elemental sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds – both organic and inorganic compounds – can be metabolically reduced by some microorganisms to obtain metabolic energy. Such microorganisms are called sulfur-reducing microorganisms. Several … Read more
When it comes to the biochemical activities and enzyme systems, each bacterial genus has its unique characteristics. These unique characteristics are the basis for differentiating and identifying bacteria based on … Read more
Haemophilus spp. requires either or both of the X-factor (hemin or protoporphyrin IX) and V-factor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)) for their growth and survival. Haemophilus spp. can be distinguished down … Read more
Culture media are solid, semisolid, or liquid preparations containing essential nutrients and minerals vital for microorganisms’ survival and growth. They are also called growth media. They provide nutritional requirements and … Read more
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, curved rod-shaped, motile, Gammaproteobacteria of the Vibrio genus in the Vibrionaceae family. It is one human pathogenic species of the Vibrio genus together … Read more
Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin Agar (CIN Agar), also known as Yersinia Selective Agar, is a selective and differential culture medium used to selectively isolate and identify Yersinia spp., specifically strains of Yersinia enterocolitica. … Read more
‘Are viruses living or non-living?’ This has been a contentious topic in the scientific world. Actually, the answer to this question depends on what we consider living or how we … Read more
Bacteria are pleomorphic i.e. they show different morphological characters. Based on their shape, bacteria are mainly classified into four main groups viz. coccus (spherical shaped), bacillus (rod-shaped), spirilla or spirochete … Read more
Based on the ability of organisms to survive and grow either in the presence or absence of oxygen, they are generally classified as aerobic and anaerobic organisms. However, a third … Read more
Echocardiography (Echo) is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses high-frequency sound (ultrasound) to investigate the heart’s anatomy and function. This test uses 1.5 to 7.5 MHz sound waves to examine … Read more
