Anupama Sapkota 
A cladogram is the graphical representation of the hypothetical relationship (phylogenetic relationship) between different groups of organisms. It is used in the phylogenetic analysis of organisms to determine the evolutionary … Read more
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic microorganism that is a motile, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria distributed throughout different habitats in the world. Classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa The following is the taxonomical classification … Read more
B cell or B lymphocyte is a type of lymphocyte (white blood cells) involved in the humoral immunity of the adaptive immune system as they differentiate into plasma and produce … Read more
Photosynthesis is defined as the process, utilized by green plants and photosynthetic bacteria, where electromagnetic radiation is converted into chemical energy and uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and … Read more
Structure of SARS-CoV-2 Figure: Structure of SARS-CoV-2, created with biorender.com Spike Glycoprotein Figure: Spike protein conformation of SARS-CoV-2, created with biorender.com Genomic Organization of SARS-CoV-2 Figure: Genomic organization of SARS-CoV-2, … Read more
Chromosomes are long thread-like structures of DNA that contain part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Chromosomal Mutation Definition The chromosomal mutation is the process of change … Read more
Image Source: Biology Online and Lumen Learning. Agglutination Definition Agglutination is the process of clumping of antigens with their respective antibodies. Precipitation Definition Precipitation is a process where soluble antigens … Read more
Natural selection definition Natural selection is a process of adaptation by an organism to the changing environment by bringing selective changes to its genotype or genetic composition. Artificial selection definition … Read more
1. Amoeba under the microscope Direct observation Observation after staining 2. Algae under the microscope Based on their morphology, algae are divided into separate groups: Chlorophyta Chromophyta Cryptophyta Rhodophyta Dinoflagellata … Read more
A Monohybrid cross is a type of genetic cross between two individuals with homozygous genotypes of a single character or trait, often resulting in an opposite phenotype. Steps of Monohybrid … Read more
