Nirmita Sharma 
Lichens are group of organisms of composite nature, having two dissimilar organisms (algae and fungus) bounded in a symbiotic relationship. Algae or cyanobacteria and fungus forms beneficial symbiotic relationship to … Read more
The plant leaf is a dissimilar green, exogenous lateral flattened outgrowth that is borne at the node of a stem or its branch and specialized to conduct photosynthesis. It is … Read more
A plant stem is one of the most critical structural components of a plant, serving as the central axis linking the roots to the leaves, flowers, and fruits. It offers … Read more
Plant Roots are one of the most basic organs of the plant, mostly grow underground, and are responsible for holding the plant in position. They also play a vital role … Read more
Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) is one of the most economically important plant viruses, infecting more than 1,200 species in more than a hundred plant families. It has been isolated causing … Read more
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus is one of the worst plant pathogens and impacts more than 1,000 different species, some of which include major food crops like tomato, pepper, peanut, potato, … Read more
Sudden oak death is a plant disease caused by an oomycete pathogen that affects several species of trees and shrubs, mainly in North America and Europe. It was first identified … Read more
Apomixis is a type of asexual plant reproduction that produces seeds without meiosis or fertilization. The term comes from Greek origin: “apo” meaning “away from” and “mixis” meaning “mixing. ” … Read more
Parthenocarpy refers to the process through which fruits are developed without fertilization of ovules and may be seedless or partly seedless fruits. In regular fruit development, fertilization occur when the … Read more
Following fertilization, embryo and endosperm development within the embryo sac are tandem. The oospore, or zygote, forms the embryo while the primary endosperm nucleus forms the endosperm. The remaining nuclei … Read more
