Plant Stem: Structure, Functions, Modifications, Facts
A plant stem is one of the most critical structural components of a plant, serving as the central axis linking the roots to the leaves, flowers, and fruits. It offers … Read more
Nirmita Sharma
Plant Roots: Structure, Types & Essential Functions
Plant Roots are one of the most basic organs of the plant, mostly grow underground, and are responsible for holding the plant in position. They also play a vital role … Read more
Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV): Causes, Symptoms, Disease Cycle
Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) is one of the most economically important plant viruses, infecting more than 1,200 species in more than a hundred plant families. It has been isolated causing … Read more
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV): Structure, Symptoms, Diseases
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus is one of the worst plant pathogens and impacts more than 1,000 different species, some of which include major food crops like tomato, pepper, peanut, potato, … Read more
Sudden Oak Death: Causes, Symptoms, Disease Cycle
Sudden oak death is a plant disease caused by an oomycete pathogen that affects several species of trees and shrubs, mainly in North America and Europe. It was first identified … Read more
Apomixis in Plants: Types, Mechanisms, and Examples
Apomixis is a type of asexual plant reproduction that produces seeds without meiosis or fertilization. The term comes from Greek origin: “apo” meaning “away from” and “mixis” meaning “mixing. ” … Read more
Parthenocarpy: Understanding Seedless Fruit Development
Parthenocarpy refers to the process through which fruits are developed without fertilization of ovules and may be seedless or partly seedless fruits. In regular fruit development, fertilization occur when the … Read more
Post-Fertilization in Plants: Seed and Fruit Development
Following fertilization, embryo and endosperm development within the embryo sac are tandem. The oospore, or zygote, forms the embryo while the primary endosperm nucleus forms the endosperm. The remaining nuclei … Read more
Pollen-Pistil Interaction: Key Processes and Significance
Pollen-pistil interaction is a specified, complex process determining fertilization efficiency in flowering plants. This process involves coordinated physical, biochemical, and molecular events between the pollen grain and pistil. This interaction … Read more
Megasporogenesis: Process, Types, Stages, Significance
Megasporogenesis refers to the formation and development of haploid megaspores from the megaspore mother cell through meiosis. It occurs within the megasporangia or ovules present within the ovary of the … Read more