Deepa Pudasaini 
Electrical potential guided by ions exists across the membrane of all body cells. Some cells, such as neuronal cells, cardiac muscle cells, etc., are excitable. The property is called excitability, … Read more
The complement system constitutes a cascade of interactions between a large number of heat-labile plasma proteins called complements. These proteins are inactively circulating in the plasma and are functional when … Read more
What is the Immune system? The immune system is the complex network of organs, cells, and proteins that protects the body against infections. This defense system proceeds via the recognition … Read more
The lectin pathway (LP) proceeds like the classical pathway by activating the C3 convertase. The binding of mannose-binding proteins initiates the cascade of reactions in this pathway in blood plasma … Read more
The alternative pathway (AP) is dominant to the classical and lectin pathway during normal physiological conditions. This pathway is constantly activated at a low level in which C3 gets hydrolyzed … Read more
