Sanju Tamang 
The genetic instructions for various cellular processes of living organisms are carried in the DNA molecule. DNA is the hereditary material, passing traits from parents to offspring. DNA has a … Read more
Plastics have become an essential part of modern society. Many of the products we use in our daily lives are made of plastics. Plastics are crucial in various industries like … Read more
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell. They catalyze the essential biochemical processes within living organisms. Enzymes work by binding … Read more
Humans have used fermentation since ancient times to produce alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic fermented foods, and many other useful products. Fermentation is a metabolic process in which organisms convert carbohydrates, like … Read more
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is commonly referred to as the “universal energy carrier” or “molecular currency” for energy transfer in cells. Every living thing relies on ATP generation as the main … Read more
Chromosomes carry genetic information within cells and provide instructions for an organism’s growth, development, and functioning. In diploid organisms, chromosomes are usually present in pairs, with each pair consisting of … Read more
DNA is the basic unit of inheritance that maintains the integrity and function of living organisms. However, it is constantly exposed to damaging agents which can cause DNA damage. Additionally, … Read more
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), also known as lateral gene transfer, is the transfer of genetic information between more or less distantly related organisms. It is different from vertical gene transfer, … Read more
Inheritance is the transfer of genetic information or traits from one cell or individual to another. While most inherited traits follow patterns of chromosomal inheritance, where genes on the chromosomes … Read more
Chromosome mapping means determining the relative positions of genes in a chromosome by creating maps that are used to organize and understand genetic information on chromosomes. These maps show the … Read more
