Dibyak Kapali 
The heart valves are pivotal in maintaining the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle. There are two types of heart valves. They are: Atrioventricular valves consist of the … Read more
Inheritance, often known as Heredity, is the process of passing on traits from one generation to the next, either through gametes, sperm, and ova in sexual reproduction or by asexual … Read more
Prokaryotic topoisomerase II, also known as DNA gyrase, is the only topoisomerase that introduces negative supercoils into DNA thus far. DNA topoisomerases are a class of enzymes that can change the … Read more
According to the cell theory, all biological organisms are made up of cells, the basic building blocks of life, and all life evolved from preexisting life. It is the cell … Read more
Alternation of generations can be defined as a reproductive cycle of certain vascular plants, fungi, and protists in which each phase is made up of one of two distinct, free-living … Read more
Plant tissue culture is the in-vitro aseptic culture of cells, tissues, or whole plants under controlled nutritional and environmental conditions, often to produce clones of plants. The technique primarily relies … Read more
In the semiconservative model of DNA replication, two copies of the original DNA molecule are produced, each copy containing one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. In addition to … Read more
Chiasmata (singular: chiasma, from the Greek, meaning “X-shaped cross”) is the point of contact that occurs in the Prophase I pachytene phase and links two non-sister chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes together until … Read more
Sister chromatids are the two identical copies of the same chromosome attached by the structure called the centromere. During the interphase (S phase) of cell division, eukaryote chromosomes present in … Read more
A normal human usually has 23 pairs of chromosomes, with two sex chromosomes that determine sex and 44 autosomal chromosomes, which are responsible for growth and function. Trisomy is a … Read more
