Biology

Biology Notes. Notes on Biology. Online Biology related notes. Biology Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.

Speciation- definition, causes, process, types, examples

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Speciation- definition, causes, process, types, examples

Speciation Definition Speciation is the process of formation of a new genetically independent group of organisms, called species, through the course of evolution. The process of splitting of genetically homogenous population into two or more populations that undergo genetic differentiation and eventual reproductive isolation is called speciation. The entire course of evolution depends upon the … Read more Speciation- definition, causes, process, types, examples

Facilitated Diffusion- definition, principle, factors, examples

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Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion definition Facilitated diffusion is the process of biological transport in which specific structural components of biological membranes interact with particular solutes or classes of solutes, markedly increasing the rates at which they can cross the membrane. It is a passive-mediated transport in which particles or substances are transported across a biological membrane from … Read more Facilitated Diffusion- definition, principle, factors, examples

Phylum Ctenophora- characteristics, classification, examples

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Phylum Ctenophora

Ctenophora Definition Ctenophores are free-swimming, transparent, jelly-like, soft-bodied, marine animals having biradial symmetry, comb-like ciliary plates for locomotion, the lasso cells but nematocytes are wanting. They are also known as sea walnuts or comb jellies. Phylum Ctenophora Characteristics They are free-swimming, marine, solitary, pelagic animals. No polymorphism and no attached stages were found. The body … Read more Phylum Ctenophora- characteristics, classification, examples

Bacterial Transduction- Definition, Principle, Steps, Examples

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Bacterial Transduction- Definition, Principle, Steps, Examples

Transduction Definition Transduction is the transfer of bacterial DNA from a donor to a recipient bacterium via a virus particle. The virus particle that infects bacteria is called a bacteriophage or phage, and the phages used for the transfer of DNA are called transfusing phages. Not all phages are transducing phages. The process of transduction … Read more Bacterial Transduction- Definition, Principle, Steps, Examples

Flow Cytometry-Definition, Principle, Parts, Steps, Types, Uses

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Flow Cytometry-Definition, Principle, Parts, Steps, Types, Uses

Flow Cytometry Definition Flow cytometry is a standard laser-based technology that is used in the detection and measurement of physical and chemical characteristics of cells or particles in a heterogeneous fluid mixture. The use of flow cytometry has increased over the years as it provides a rapid analysis of multiple characteristics (both qualitative and quantitative) … Read more Flow Cytometry-Definition, Principle, Parts, Steps, Types, Uses

Binary Fission- definition, steps, types, examples (vs mitosis)

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Binary fission in prokaryotes

What is binary fission? (Definition) Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a single living cell or an organelle grows twice its size and then splits into two identical daughter cells, where each of these daughter cells has the potential to grow into the size of the original cell or organelle. Binary fission … Read more Binary Fission- definition, steps, types, examples (vs mitosis)

Phylum Mollusca- characteristics, classification, examples

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Phylum Mollusca

Mollusca (Mollusks) Definition Molluscs (also know as mollusks) are soft-bodied, bilaterally symmetrical, segmented, coelomate animals; usually shelled having a mantle, ventral foot, anterior head, and a dorsal visceral mass. Phylum Mollusca (Mollusks) Characteristics They are essentially aquatic mostly marine, few freshwater and some terrestrial form. They may be found as hidden parasites in the interior … Read more Phylum Mollusca- characteristics, classification, examples

Phylum Nematoda- characteristics, classification, examples

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Phylum Nematoda

Nematoda Definition Nematodes (Gr., nema thread+ eidos, form) are commonly referred to as non-segmented roundworm, threadworm or pinworm, as distinct from flatworm and higher segmented annelids. Image Source: Wikipedia Phylum Nematoda Characteristics They are widely distributed, aquatic or terrestrial, parasitic or free-living. Their body is elongated, cylindrical, unsegmented, worm-like, bilaterally symmetrical and tapering at both … Read more Phylum Nematoda- characteristics, classification, examples

Phylum Aschelminthes- characteristics, classification, examples

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Phylum Aschelminthes

What are Aschelminthes? Aschelminthes are pseudocoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, unsegmented, vermiform, organ- system grade of construction with complete digestive tubes. Phylum Aschelminthes characteristics They are mostly aquatic, free-living or parasitic. They are bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented worms. The body is slender, vermiform and usually worm-like or flattened. They are usually small, even microscopic, while some reach … Read more Phylum Aschelminthes- characteristics, classification, examples

Phylum Platyhelminthes- characteristics, classification, examples

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Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) definition Platyhelminthes are triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, dorsoventrally flattened, acoelomate flatworms with organ grade of construction without a definite anus, circulatory, skeletal or respiratory system but with Protonephridial excretory system and mesenchyme filling the space between the various organ of the body. Figure: Phylum Platyhelminthes. Source: WebMD and Wikipedia. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) characteristics They … Read more Phylum Platyhelminthes- characteristics, classification, examples

Phylum Annelida- characteristics, classification, examples

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Diagram of Phylum Annelida

Annelida definition Annelids are defined as triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, metamerically segmented, a coelomate worm with a thin flexible cuticle around the body. Figure: Diagram of Phylum Annelida. Source: Wikipedia Phylum Annelida Characteristics They are mostly aquatic; marine or freshwater some terrestrial, burrowing or tubicolous, sedentary or free-living, some commensal and parasitic. The body is elongated, … Read more Phylum Annelida- characteristics, classification, examples

Types of Plant Cell – Definition, Structure, Functions, Diagrams

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Types of Plant Cell

Definition and overview of a plant cell Plant cells are multicellular eukaryotic cells that make up a plant (a group of eukaryotes belonging to the Plantae kingdom, with the ability to synthesis their own food using water, Sunlight and CO2). Being eukaryotic cells, they have a defined nucleus with specialized structural organelles that enable it … Read more Types of Plant Cell – Definition, Structure, Functions, Diagrams