Dinesh Kumar Sharma

Influenza B virus (IBV) is a segmented, negative-sense RNA virus that, together with influenza A, causes seasonal influenza in humans. Taxonomy and Classification of Influenza B Virus (IBV) Key classification aspects: … Read more

Influenza A virus (IAV) is an enveloped, negative-sense, segmented RNA virus causing seasonal epidemics and pandemics in humans, with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Taxonomy and Classification of Influenza A Virus … Read more

Coxsackie B viruses (CVB1–CVB6) are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA enteroviruses that infect multiple organs (heart, pancreas, CNS, liver, pleura), causing both acute and chronic diseases. Taxonomy and Classification of Coxsackie B … Read more

Coxsackie A viruses (CAVs) are members of the Enterovirus A species in the Picornaviridae family, causing a spectrum from mild mucocutaneous disease to severe neurologic and systemic illness, especially in infants … Read more

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV, historically BKV) is a ubiquitous human Betapolyomavirus with seroprevalence >80–90% in adults. Primary infection usually occurs in childhood, is asymptomatic or causes mild respiratory-like illness, and is followed by lifelong … Read more

Orthopoxviruses are large DNA viruses of major historical and current public-health importance, exemplified by variola virus (smallpox), vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, and, most recently, mpox (monkeypox) virus. The 2022–2025 global … Read more

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the leading cause of the common cold but also play major roles in severe respiratory disease and asthma exacerbations, especially in children and high-risk adults. HRVs … Read more

Poliovirus remains a key model in virology and vaccinology and a continuing target of global eradication efforts. Poliovirus is also a prototype for understanding RNA virus evolution, mucosal immunity, and … Read more

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a neurotropic alpha herpesvirus and the leading viral cause of recurrent genital ulcer disease worldwide. Infection is lifelong, with alternating periods of lytic … Read more

Therefore, HSV 1 can be seen as an important public health problem as well as a paradigm for latency, immune evasion, and neurotropism. Taxonomy and Classification of Herpes Simplex Virus … Read more