Skip to content
Microbe Notes

Microbe Notes

  • Home
  • All Notes
  • Category Wise Notes
  • Microorganisms Note
  • Microbiology Terms
  • Syllabus

Diseases

Diseases are abnormal medical conditions that negatively affect either the structure or function of a part of an organism other than the immediate external injuries.

  • There are two types of diseases, viz—communicable and non-communicable diseases.
  • Infectious or communicable diseases are caused by viruses, pathogens, and other parasites that affect the host and can transmit from person to person. In contrast, non-communicable diseases might occur due to exposure to radiation, genetic inheritance, and an unhealthy lifestyle.
  • Whenever a disease-causing virus or pathogen enters the body of a host, the body shows two responses to it; clinical and immunologic. 
  • The white blood cells, mainly known for the defense against external microorganisms, attack such antigens which may result in different reactions such as fever, cold, headache, sweating, change in the rate of heartbeat, etc.
  • Plants also suffer from several diseases which are primarily caused by non-native viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. 
  • A few of such diseases that cause significant damage are a chestnut blight, butternut canker, Dogwood anthracnose, Elm yellows, etc.
  • Similarly, diseases are observed in plants and animals. Various bacteria and viruses cause diseases such as Anthrax, Black-quarter, Bluetongue, Pox. Rabies, etc. infect dogs, wolves, and foxes. 
  • The most effective and efficient way to prevent diseases is sanitation, proper nutrition, exercise, and self-care. 
  • Moreover, different forms of vaccines have been developed to prevent severe diseases like Cholera, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, Rabies, Yellow fever.
  • Although diseases can be fatal to humans, animals, and plants, their scientific study is useful in other fields of study.
  • Knowledge regarding disease-causing pathogens and bacteria helps microbiologists understand the nature and characteristics of various microorganisms.
  • Scientific diagnosis of parasites encourages people to take preventive measures for themselves and other animals.
  • Diseases have been an essential topic of research and findings in food microbiology as food and water are primary modes of transmission of many infectious diseases.

Infection is the invasion and multiplication of the body tissue of an organism by pathogenic agents like bacteria and viruses.

  • Infection is often used as a synonym for disease even though the two are quite different. Infection is the entry of an agent into the body while a disease is the changes occurring in the body as a result of that entry.
  • All infections are caused by infectious agents which can be either bacteria, virus, fungi, or a parasite.
  • Infection is communicable that transmits due to the transmission of the infectious agent by different modes of transmission.
  • Depending on the infectious agent, infections are of four types; viral infection, bacterial infection, fungal infection, and parasitic infection.
  • Infections might not result in particular symptoms like diseases, as most infections tend to be subclinical.
  • Infections might be localized where the infectious agent only infects a particular organ or tissue or can be systemic where the agent reaches different parts of the body via blood or lymph to infect different organs and tissues.
  • Microorganisms that belong to the normal flora of an organism are not considered infectious agents unless they reach the sterile parts of the body to initiate some form of infection.
  • The pathophysiology of infections differs from one agent to another, but the general pattern of infections flows a similar trajectory; entry, colonization, disease, and transmission.
  • Symptoms of infections are also different depending on the type of infection, but some common symptoms include fever, chills, body aches, coughing, and sneezing.
  • The diagnosis of infection is based on the identification of the infectious agent via different diagnostic processes.
  • Some infections might show symptoms that allow for the symptomatic diagnosis, yet it usually needs further confirmation.
  • Infections are directly dependent on the infectious agent and the immune response of the host against the said agent.

E. coli Pathotypes- ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC, EIEC, DAEC

January 13, 2023January 12, 2022 by Sagar Aryal
E. coli Pathotypes

Escherichia coli as Pathogens The effectiveness of E. coli as a pathogen is illustrated by the fact that: Pathotypes of E. coli Source: DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00022-13 A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) B. … Read more

Acute disease vs Chronic disease- Definition, 13 Differences, Examples

September 17, 2022January 9, 2022 by Anupama Sapkota
differences between Acute disease and Chronic disease

Acute disease definition Acute disease is a condition or a disorder that comes on or onsets rapidly and lasts for a shorter period of time. The period of time associated … Read more

Type 1 Diabetes vs Type 2 Diabetes (14 major differences)

May 4, 2022June 20, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes

Image Source: Everyday Health. (Gwen Shockey/Alamy) Differences between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes Features Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Nature of disease It is an autoimmune disease … Read more

Types of Candidiasis with Transmission and Pathogenesis

October 26, 2023May 15, 2021 by Faith Mokobi
Candidiasis

Candidiasis also known as moniliasis, is a fungal disease that is classified under opportunistic fungal infection, because of its occurrence in persons with an immune-suppressed system, especially newborns, HIV/AIDS patients, … Read more

Treatment options and Vaccines updates of COVID-19

May 2, 2022April 8, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Treatment options and Vaccines updates of COVID-19

Medical Disclaimer: The information presented on the website is only for academic and study purposes and must not be used for the purpose of treatment. If you are not feeling … Read more

Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19 with Risk factors

July 27, 2021April 7, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The mode of transmission for this disease is through close physical contact and small droplets that develop … Read more

Newer posts
← Previous Page1 Page2 Page3

Topics / Categories

  • Agricultural Microbiology (13)
  • Bacteriology (124)
  • Basic Microbiology (62)
  • Biochemical Test (114)
  • Biochemistry (160)
  • Bioinformatics (21)
  • Biology (175)
  • Biotechnology (28)
  • Book Reviews (1)
  • Cell Biology (103)
  • Culture Media (66)
  • Difference Between (89)
  • Diseases (26)
  • Environmental Microbiology (6)
  • Epidemiology (23)
  • Food Microbiology (49)
  • Genetics (78)
  • Human Anatomy and Physiology (66)
  • Immunology (117)
  • Instrumentation (62)
  • Journals (1)
  • Microscopy (24)
  • Molecular Biology (71)
  • Mycology (33)
  • Parasitology (25)
  • Pharmacology (14)
  • Phycology (2)
  • Protocols (9)
  • Research Methodology (18)
  • Staining (29)
  • Syllabus (18)
  • Universities (4)
  • Virology (51)
LEAM Solution Fluorescence Microscope
LEAM Solution Fluorescence Microscope
  • UV-Vis Spectroscopy: Principle, Parts, Uses, Limitations
  • Disruptive Selection: Definition, Examples, Significances
  • Types of Cells with Functions and Examples
  • Lipids: Properties, Structure, Classification, Types, Functions
  • Microtubules: Structure, Composition, Functions
  • Our Team
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Cookie Policy
  • Disclaimer (Terms and Conditions)
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
© 2023 Microbe Notes. Made with ♡ by Sagar Aryal.